Table 2 Postoperative complications and adverse events that occurred after different treatments
Adverse events and various complications reported | ||
|---|---|---|
Study | Intervention | Postoperative complications (% of cases) |
Benz et al. [37] | Ocriplasmin | Cataracts or lens changes (16%), RT without RD (12%), intraoperative/postoperative RD (2%) |
Coskey et al. [38] | Ocriplasmin | Worsening of anatomy/vision (25%), developed FTMH (9.6%) |
Dihowm et al. [39] | PPV | RD (2.8%), cataract progression/formation (67.6%) |
Dugel et al. [40] | Ocriplasmin | Vitreous floaters (37.7%), photopsia (29.5%), color vision test abnormal (28.8%), ophthalmological examination abnormal (19.9%), blurred vision (18.5%) |
Han et al. [41] | PV | One eye had localized RD 2 months after surgery |
Feng et al. [42] | Ocriplasmin | Development of SFL (33%), post injection EZD (33%), FTMH base enlargement (94%), photopsia (94%), dyschromatopsia (18%), visual blurring (49%) |
Kaiser et al. [43] | Ocriplasmin | Vitreous floaters (17.6%), conjunctival hemorrhage (14.6%), eye pain (13.3%), photopsia (12.0%), RT (0.2%), RD (2.4%), retinal edema (5.4%), macular edema (4.1%), increased IOP (3.9%), cataract (2.6%) |
Hejsek et al. [44] | 25G PPV | Rhegmatogenous RD (3.3%), cataract (0.2%) |
Juncal et al. [32] | 23 or 25-gauge PPV | EZD (100%), outer segment reflectivity changes (90.9) |
Ocriplasmin | EZD (81.8%), outer segment reflectivity changes (63.6%) | |
Lim et al. [45] | Ocriplasmin | Photopsia (15%), developed MH (5%), RT (1.4%), RD (1.9%), retinal pigment, epithelium changes (2.9%) |
Muqit et al. [46] | Ocriplasmin | No adverse events reported |
Nudleman et al. [47] | Ocriplasmin | SRF (73%), EZ changes (56%) |
Quezada-Ruiz et al. [48] | Ocriplasmin | Changes in outer band reflectivity (43.47%) |
Schumann et al. [49] | Ocriplasmin | SRF (30.5%), cystoid macular edema (6.1%), RD (4.9%), lamellar macular defect (1.2%) |
Sharma et al. [50] | Ocriplasmin | EZ changes (47%), reopening of MH (2.9%) |
Stalmans et al. [11] | Ocriplasmin | Vitreous floaters (16.8%), photopsia (11.8%), conjunctival hemorrhage (14.6%), injection-related eye pain (13.5%), blurred vision (8.6%), visual impairment (5.4%), increased IOP (3.9%), RT (1.3%), cataract (5.6%), MH (5.2%), RD (0.4%), reduced VA (0.6%) |
Stalmans et al. [51] | Ocriplasmin | Drug ineffective (8.5%), vitreous floaters (7.4%), photopsia (7.4%), reduced VA (5.3%) |
Willekens et al. [52] | Ocriplasmin | RD (2.6%), SRF (36.8%) |
Kumar et al. [29] | PV | In the PV group, 26.66% (4/15) of eyes had a FTMH. Seven eyes required reoperation (four for FTMH and three for unresolved VMT). The PPV group had complications that required reoperation. No endophthalmitis, cataract progression, lenticular dislocation, zonular dehiscence, or uncontrollable increase in intraocular pressure was encountered in either group |
PPV | ||
Primavera et al. [53] | PV | No serious complications were observed |
Čokl et al. [54] | PV | Peripheral RT with localized RD in one eye and a small FTMH with a diameter of 220 microns in another eye were observed one week after C3F8 injection. After one month, another eye with a MH of 330 microns was found in this group (complication rate: 3/29 eyes, 10.3%). A small MH with a diameter of 225 microns was also found in one eye from the SF6 group at the one-week follow-up (1/28 eyes, 3.6%) |
Wickens et al. [55] | PPV | No serious complications were observed |
Alreshaid [30] | PPV | One patient had a lamellar MH after PPV, and 1 patient had a worse BCVA after ocriplasmin injection |
Ocriplasmin | ||
Anderson et al. [56] | Ocriplasmin | Complications, including transient loss of vision, transient disruption of the EZ or subfoveal lucency on OCT, increased MH base diameter, and electroretinographic abnormalities, were observed |
PPV | No serious complications were observed | |
Greven et al. [31] | Ocriplasmin | Rhegmatogenous RD (4.3%), PVR (2.1%), intraoperative RT (4.3%), PVR detachment (2.1%) intraoperative RT (5.0%). No eyes in the PPV only group developed a rhegmatogenous RD |
PPV | ||
Nambiar et al. [33] | Ocriplasmin | The need for subsequent vitrectomy was lower in the PV group. Novel PV treatment appears to be a more effective and inexpensive option than EVL in this cohort of patients, with fewer patients requiring subsequent vitrectomy |
PPV | ||
Sharma et al. [50] | Ocriplasmin | One eye with a FTMH underwent pharmacologic closure, but then reopened after 2 years. There were no cases of permanent visual loss in this series |
Steel et al. [57] | Ocriplasmin | Photopsia (9.8%) and vitreous floaters (6.8%) were the most frequent adverse events |
Steinle et al. [35] | Ocriplasmin | EVL with had a lower success rate than C3F8, and IVO showed significant ORB changes on SD-OCT. Thus, a C3F8 intravitreal injection appeared to be a safe, inexpensive, and effective option for the treatment of VMT |
PV | ||
Zandi et al. [58] | Ocriplasmin | No serious complications were observed |
Baumann et al. [59] | PV | RD occurred in 4 of 47 (8.5%) eyes of the total cohort within a 4-week period, and MHs formed in 4/33 (12.1%) eyes |
Fouad et al. [23] | PV | One eye had a RT after PV at upper nasal retina that resulted from vitreous hemorrhage after two weeks of injections |
Özdemir et al. [20] | PV | One of 13 eyes had a post procedural RT, and 1 patient had gas migration to the anterior chamber |