Increased axial length
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Increased distance between sclerotomies
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Ad hoc straight or curved instruments
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Use of 20-G instruments
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Removal of trocars
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Epiretinal tissues visualization
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Chromovitrectomy
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iOCT
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Filters
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3D
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Dye toxicity
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Place a substance over the fovea (e.g. PFCL, sodium hyaluronate, autologous blood)
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Devices to inject gently the dye (Drip dropper, SideFlo cannula)
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Filters
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iOCT
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ILM peeling
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Start at least 1 DD from the fovea
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Diamond Dusted Membrane Scraper
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Start from temporal or inferior quadrants
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FINESSE Flex loop
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Elevate preexisting edge using the back of a needle, a MVR blade or vertical scissors
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PFCL bubble to stabilize retina
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Lift the flap a bit more than usual
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MH closure
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ILM non-peeling
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Inverted ILM flap (complete, 270° temporal C-shaped variant, 180° superior variant, Viscoat-assisted)
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ILM peeling
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Injection over the hole of autologous platelet-rich plasma, autologous transplantation of ILM membrane, lens capsular flap, neurosensory retina
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Shaving vitreous base in eyes with clear lens
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Choice of instruments (valved trocars, small G instruments)
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Non-contact wide field viewing systems
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Trocar insertion at 4 mm
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Ad hoc curved instruments
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Peripheral indentation
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Brush the peripheral retina (Diamond Dusted Membrane Scraper, FINESSE Flex loop)
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Hand switching
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Bending of standard instruments
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Sclerotomy leakage
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Biplanar scleral insertion
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Triplanar scleral insertion
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Wound construction (Longer tunnel, narrow angle of insertion, parallel to the limbus, bevel-down incision)
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27-G instruments
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Sclerotomy massage
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Other techniques to close the wound (releasable sutures, tissue glue, polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel bandage, conjunctival cauterization
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Transconjunctival and transcleral absorbable suture
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