Fig. 1
From: Multimodal imaging in a patient with Prader–Willi syndrome
Multimodal imaging of right eye. a Color fundus photography. Normal fundus pigmentation. There is arteriolar tortuosity, opacification (copper or silver wiring) of the arteriolar wall and mild AV nicking consistent with mild hypertensive retinopathy. There are scattered microaneurysms consistent with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). b Green fundus autofluorescence. Normal FAF. c Fluorescein angiography, mid arteriovenous phase. Microaneurysms appear as hyperfluorescent dots. d SD-OCT (horizontal scan). The shallow rudimentary foveal depression, incursion of inner retinal layers, widening of outer nuclear layer (ONL) and lengthening of outer segments are consistent with grade 1 foveal hypoplasia (fovea plana). e En-face OCTA slabs of superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, outer retina and choriocapillaris (from left to right). The SCP slab shows a very small FAZ area and the presence of macular foveal capillaries crossing the FAZ. The DCP slab shows reduced FAZ area, but wider than SCP FAZ. Outer retina and choriocapillaris slabs are normal and show no neovascularization. f B-scan structural OCT with angiographic overlay shows fovea plana and the presence of flow signals (red) in the foveal region at the levels of both SCP and DCP