Fig. 2

Schistic splitting of the foveal walls between the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and Henle fiber layer (HFL) in foveal pseudocysts (a‒e), outer lamellar holes (f–h), and macular pseudoholes (j, k). The images show linear SD-OCT scans through the fovea and parafovea of 24 eyes of 24 patients. a Foveal pseudocysts which were likely produced by tangential traction exerted by epiretinal membranes (ERM). b‒e Foveal pseudocysts which were produced by anteroposterior traction exerted by the partially detached posterior hyaloid. c Tractional development of a foveal pseudocyst. The months after the first visit (0) are indicated left of the images. Note the hyperreflectivity of the inner Müller cell layer of the foveola. d, e Regeneration of the foveal shape after relief of the vitreofoveal traction. f‒h The outer lamellar holes were produced by vitreomacular traction exerted by the posterior hyaloid attached to the foveola. In f, the orientations of the scans are shown above. i‒k Macular pseudoholes without (i) and with (j, k) a schistic splitting of the foveal walls. The scans in k were recorded at the first visit (0) and 6 months later. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane and ERM peeling was performed 2.5 months after the first visit. Scale bars, 200 µm. ELM: external limiting membrane; EZ: ellipsoid zone; GCL: ganglion cell layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; IZ: interdigitation zone; NFL: nerve fiber layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium