Fig. 3

Amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) inhibition of membrane-bound form reduces leukocyte recruitment and thereby transmigration. A further consequence of reduced AOC3 enzymatic activity via inhibition of the membrane-bound and soluble forms is likely to be a decrease in the oxidative deamination of primary amines, thus reducing the production of aldehydes, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, and ultimately reducing reactive oxygen species. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors bind to the receptor-binding site on VEGF-A, which inhibits interaction with, and activation of, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) on the surface of endothelial cells, thereby reducing angiogenesis. RBC red blood cell