Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with no or mild diabetic kidney disease (nDKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) vs controls
Variable (n = 258 eyes of 129 study participants | nDKD (n = 128 eyes of 64 subjects) | DKD (n = 130 eyes of 65 subjects) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%)* | |||
Male | 15 (23.4%) | 32 (49.6%) | < 0.001 |
Female | 49 (76.6%) | 33 (50.4%) | |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 61.3 (± 9.2) | 62.9 (± 8.5) | 0.144 |
Ethnicity, n (%)* | |||
Caucasian | 55 (85.9%) | 58 (89.2%) | < 0.001 |
African descent/mixed | 9 (14.0%) | 7 (10.8%) | |
Diabetic retinopathy stage, n (%) | |||
Without DR | 114 (54.3%) | 96 (45.7%) | < 0.001 |
Mild NPDR | 13 (27.1%) | 41 (72.9%) | |
DM duration in years, mean (SD) | 12.8 (± 6.4) | 15.2 (± 7.3) | 0.010 |
HbA1c, mean (SD) | 8.2% (± 1.6) | 8.4% (± 1.6) | 0.513 |
BCVA, mean (SD) | 47.1 (± 10) | 43.7 (± 10.9) | 0.022 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 122 (95.7%) | 119 (91.5%) | 0.209 |
UAC (SD) | 8.2 (± 5) | 310.2 (± 878.6) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (SD) | 89.3 (± 14.0) | 72.6 (± 27.7) | < 0.001 |