Table 2 Demographic and clinical parameters of study subjects

Age (years)

51.00 ± 7.48

51.02 ± 6.12

53.11 ± 1.99

52.06 ± 6.61

0.649

Gender

 M

8 (57.14%)

12 (54.54%)

12 (50%)

13 (54.16%)

0.976

 F

6 (42.85%)

10 (45.45%)

12 (50%)

11 (45.83%)

 BMI (kg/m²)

23.36 ± 3.412

25.17 ± 2.314

25.87 ± 3.972

24.02 ± 6.624

0.334

 Duration of DM (years)

–

10.46 ± 5.191

11.14 ± 3.916

11.36 ± 3.684

0.784

Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

 Systolic

123.2 ± 9.575

127.8 ± 6.012

127.6 ± 2.914

126.3 ± 4.214

0.116

 Diastolic

80.71 ± 3.286

82.39 ± 4.591

80.27 ± 4.010

81.32 ± 5.113

0.435

Glycaemic Status

 FPG (mg/dl)

80.40 ± 8.444

151.9 ± 9.52****

158.6 ± 27.36^a

154.7 ± 16.11!!!!

 < 0.0001

 PPG (mg/dl)

118.2 ± 10.16

181.22 ± 32.90 ***

194.67 ± 61.32^a

210.64 ± 29.92!!!!

 < 0.0001

 HbA1C (%)

4.76 ± 0.2881

7.91 ± 0.412****

8.48 ± 1.10^a

8.1 ± 0.98!!!!

 < 0.0001

Lipid profile

 TCH (mg/dl)

155.0 ± 8.337

184.6 ± 28.11

211.71 ± 25.17^b

200.71 ± 28.62!!

0.005

 LDL-C (mg/dl)

93.40 ± 21.14

115.2 ± 23.2

136.61 ± 17.84

130.43 ± 25.89!!

0.013

 HDL-C (mg/dl)

45.40 ± 7.232

42.21 ± 7.31

40.81 ± 5.990

41.02 ± 3.262

0.412

 TG (mg/dl)

100.6 ± 29.95

143.44 ± 19.23

161.14 ± 22.89^c

191.22 ± 40.89!!,§§

 < 0.0001