Fig. 1

Multimodal assessment of tumor response to intra-arterial chemoreduction. A–D Baseline, immediately before IAC). Color fundus picture of OS revealed a brownish-pigmented, elevated lesion covering the nasal margin of the optic nerve and extending to the equatorial region also nasally. There was serous retinal detachment over the lesion and around it. B Ultrasonography picture showing an elevated choroidal lesion with acoustic hollowness and a thickness of 10.4 mm (1:red line) and a LBD of 13 mm (2:yellow line); the lesion presented superimposing retinal detachment. C Near-infrared reflectance image illustrating the shadow of the temporal margin of the choroidal tumor obscuring part of the papillomacular bundle and the temporal margin of the optic disc. D Optical coherence tomography showed epiretinal membrane, retinoschisis, and discrete amount of subfoveal fluid. E–H: three weeks after IAC: E Color fundus photo shows partial tumor regression with overlying retinal detachment (mainly inferiorly); F On Ultrasonography, choroidal tumor thickness was 7.9 mm (3:red line) and LBD was 11.9 mm (4:yellow line); cystic changes suggestive of necrosis were also verified (asterisk); G On infrared reflectance image, there was evident reduction of papillomacular bundle shadowing by the choroidal lesion and optical coherence tomography H showed a discrete increase on subfoveal fluid, with maintenance of the remaining retinal architecture. I–L: 20 weeks after IAC): I Most of the optic nerve was now visible on color fundus picture. It also shows further tumor size reduction, which is corroborated by ultrasound measurements (J): thickness: 4.9 mm (5:red line), LBD: 8.9 mm (6:yellow line). K Infrared reflectance demonstrated complete tumor regression in the papillomacular bundle. L OCT illustrates persistent discrete subretinal fluid