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  1. Sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) is one of the most important ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD). This study aims to assess the prevalence of SCR in SCD, identify risk factors for its development ...

    Authors: Mohammed Nawaiseh, Allaa Roto, Yara Nawaiseh, Mohammad Salameh, Rund Haddadin, Lana Mango, Hussam Nawaiseh, Doha Alsaraireh, Qais Nawaiseh, Saif Aldeen AlRyalat, Amer Alwreikat, David J. Ramsey and Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:68
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  2. Aflibercept is a relatively new anti-VEGF used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of pro re nata (PRN) and fixed regimen (bimonthl...

    Authors: Andi Arus Victor and Yan Martha Putri
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:67
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. The present study reports the functional and anatomical outcomes of eyes with acute retinal necrosis(ARN).

    Authors: Alireza Mojarrad, Arash Omidtabrizi, Mohammadreza Ansari Astaneh, Elham Bakhtiari, Elham Shiezadeh, Mohadeseh Hassani and Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:66
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  4. To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of primary surgery in patients with giant retinal tear (GRT)-associated retinal detachment (GRT-RD) to patients with simple rhegmatogenous RD (RRD).

    Authors: Jérôme Garneau, Mélanie Hébert, Eunice You, Serge Bourgault, Mathieu Caissie, Éric Tourville and Ali Dirani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:65
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  5. Methods of sclerotomy closure following a vitrectomy, including the use of sutures, have been associated with complications such as inflammation, foreign body sensation, and infection. Here, we test an innovat...

    Authors: Mallory K. Suarez, Rebecca M. Sappington and Bartlett Hayes
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:64
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  6. To report a case of bilateral intermediate uveitis without cystoid macular edema secondary to paclitaxel therapy, and its successful management with oral corticosteroids.

    Authors: Michael Kvopka, Justine R. Smith, Bogda Koczwara and Stewart R. Lake
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:63
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC), a cavernous change in the peripapillary choroid, may present with macular lesions. Here, we present a rare case of PICC with outer lamellar macular hole and macu...

    Authors: Shuichiro Aoki and Hiroko Imaizumi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:62
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  8. To measure the visual outcomes, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and retinectomy rates following primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, comparing silicone oil (SO) and heavy SO (Densiron).

    Authors: George Moussa, Maria Tadros, Soon Wai Ch’ng, Ash Sharma, Kim Son Lett, Arijit Mitra, Ajai K. Tyagi and Walter Andreatta
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:61
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  9. To report a case of a subretinal, unilateral, peripapillary granuloma that was diagnosed as sarcoidosis by a 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy subretinal biopsy. Sarcoidosis is a chronic idiopathic granulomatous ...

    Authors: Jason R. Daley, Svetlana Cherepanoff, Peter G. Heydon and Adrian T. Fung
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:60
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. To correlate the structural-vascular-functional changes in type 2 non-proliferative macular telangiectasia (MacTel) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA).

    Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Pranjal Mishra, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Jay Chhablani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:59
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  11. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is an aggressive lymphoma that may present with protean features and represents a diagnostic challenge. Given that patients with PVRL are at high risk of CNS involvement w...

    Authors: Lucy T. Xu, Ye Huang, Albert Liao, Casey L. Anthony, Alfredo Voloschin and Steven Yeh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:58
    Content type: Review Published on:

  12. To analyze the changes in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and circularity in the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravit...

    Authors: Albert John Bromeo, Patricia Grulla-Quilendrino, Ruth Camille Antolin, Emil Joshua John Salcedo, Cheryl A. Arcinue, Ralph Anthony De Jesus and Amadeo Veloso Jr.
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:57
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  13. To describe a rare case of a 13 years-old healthy child that presented CRAO secondary to carotid artery dissection, which occurred after a neck rotation movement.

    Authors: Thiago José Muniz Machado Mazzeo, Raimunda Cristina Mendonça Freire, Luciano Fuzzato Filho, Cleide Guimarães Machado and André Marcelo Vieira Gomes
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:56
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has been used to treat multiple cancers including liver metastasis from uveal and cutaneous melanoma but not as primary tumor treatment. We report the compassionate use of che...

    Authors: Rodrigo Jorge, Igor Coelho, Gustavo Viani, Amanda Alexia R. Vieira, Fernando Chahud, Daniel G. Abud and Zelia M. Correa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:55
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Uveal metastasis is reported to be the most common intraocular malignancy. The most common site of origin of ocular metastases in females is the breast. In some cases, uveal metastatic lesions respond to syste...

    Authors: Shweta Parakh, Shrutanjoy Das, Shrey Maheshwari, Vinita Gupta, Gaurav Luthra and Saurabh Luthra
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:54
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. Few challenges are faced with the introduction of anti-VEGF agents as a modality of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. The clinical behavior and time course of regression post injection differ compared ...

    Authors: Raghad Al Rasheed, Mohammad Idrees Adhi, Sarah Abdullah Alowedi, Bayan Albdah, Tariq Aldebasi and Mohammad A. Hazzazi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:53
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  17. AQUILA (NCT03470103) was a prospective, observational, 12-month cohort study to understand treatment patterns and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in pati...

    Authors: Francisco J. Rodríguez, Lihteh Wu, Arnaldo F. Bordon, Martin Charles, JinKyung Lee, Tobias Machewitz, Margarete Mueller, Gabriela del Carmen Gay and Jans Fromow-Guerra
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:52
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  18. The current standard treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) involves intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. The aim of the present stu...

    Authors: Sanjay Kumar Mishra, Pradeep Kumar, Srishti Khullar, Amrita Joshi, Alok Sati, Sonali Vinay Kumar, Deepesh Unni and Atul Kumar
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:51
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  19. Beta-blockers may counteract the effect of catecholamines on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) pathology and accelerate the improvement of neurosensory retinal detachment. Oral propranolol has been associ...

    Authors: Annelise Nicotti Gonçalves, Ingrid U. Scott and Rodrigo Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:50
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. The optimal timing of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) following ocular trauma is an ongoing debate. Early vitrectomy post-trauma enables the rapid assessment of retinal disease by removing the scaffold that foster...

    Authors: Muhammad Z. Chauhan, Michalis Georgiou, Hytham Al-Hindi and Sami H. Uwaydat
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:49
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  21. Papilledema is the main ocular finding in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) although several chorioretinal abnormalities may also occur and contribute to visual loss. The purpose of this...

    Authors: Leonardo E. Ariello, Luiz Guilherme Marchesi Mello, Sérgio Luis Gianotti Pimentel and Mário L. R. Monteiro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:48
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  22. To examine the relationship between gene expression profile class and tumor thickness reduction as measured by ultrasonography in response to plaque brachytherapy using a single-center, retrospective cohort st...

    Authors: Arjun Sharma, John E. Mignano and Jay S. Duker
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:47
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  24. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome with dyspnea, anosmia, fever, and cough. Few studies describing ocular findings have been reported. The current case series, rep...

    Authors: Helio F. Shiroma, Luiz H. Lima, Yuri B. Shiroma, Tereza C. Kanadani, Mario J. Nobrega, Gabriel Andrade, Milton Nunes de Moraes Filho and Fernando M. Penha
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:45
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. MMP-9 plays a prominent role in inflammation and MMP-14 take part in angiogenesis. The objective of this study is to compare MMP-9 and MMP-14 levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

    Authors: A. Ünal, O. Baykal and N. Öztürk
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:44
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  26. The present case aims to describe a previously healthy man who presented multiple attacks of transient monocular visual loss after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination and to discuss the possible mechanisms re...

    Authors: Leonardo Provetti Cunha, Ângelo Atalla, José de Melo Costa-Neto, Luciana Virgínia Ferreira Costa-Cunha, Rony Carlos Preti, Leandro Cabral Zacharias and Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:43
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. We believe that our experience with patients presenting with Coats disease and macular sparing should be shared with our colleagues. We would like to show the effect of posture and prompt intervention in cases...

    Authors: Eduardo Cunha de Souza, Evandro Rosa, João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Bruno Campelo Leal and Helio Paulo Primiano Junior
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:42
    Content type: Case report Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:14

  28. Noninfectious endophthalmitis may be misdiagnosed, leading to serious clinical implications. So far, its causative factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the role of silicone oil and syringe ag...

    Authors: Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz, Murilo Ubukata Polizelli, Felipe Picanço Muralha, Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Morais, Octaviano Magalhães Silva Junior, Mauricio Maia, Gustavo Barreto Melo and Michel Eid Farah
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:41
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  29. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Retinol and α-tocopherol of diabetic models prevent the damage of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) caused by h...

    Authors: Andi Muhammad Ichsan, Agussalim Bukhari, Subehan Lallo, Upik Anderiani Miskad, Andi Afdal Dzuhry, Itzar Chaidir Islam and Habibah Setyawati Muhiddin
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:40
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  30. To assess the association of lipid and lipid-derived toxic molecules in pathogenesis and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    Authors: Lakshmi Kanta Mondal, Subhasish Pramanik, Subhankar Chowdhury, Chiranjit Bose, Debgopal Bera, Ayindrila Saha and Koena Bhattacharjee
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:39
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  32. To investigate the adjunctive effect of an intravitreal ROCK inhibitor (fasudil) in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on refractory macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

    Authors: Sahba Fekri, Ramin Nourinia, Babak Rahimi-Ardabili, Arash Daneshtalab, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Hamid Ahmadieh and Bahareh Kheiri
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:37
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  33. Autologous plasmin enzyme facilitates the induction of posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) during vitrectomy in young patients. We proposed the concept of in-vivo generated plasmin which is based on the injecti...

    Authors: Cengiz Aras, Fevzi Senturk, Arif Koytak, Mahmut Dogramaci, Sevil Karaman Erdur and Selim Kocabora
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:36
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  34. To evaluate the efficacy of retinal photography obtained by undergraduate students using a smartphone-based device in screening and early diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR).

    Authors: Jéssica Deponti Gobbi, João Pedro Romero Braga, Moises M. Lucena, Victor C. F. Bellanda, Miguel V. S. Frasson, Daniel Ferraz, Victor Koh and Rodrigo Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:35
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  35. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are widely used for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR), but their effectiveness remains unclear. This research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy...

    Authors: Camila Q. Felipe, Ana Luiza Biancardi, Vinicius T. Civile, Nelson Carvas Junior, Pedro D. Serracarbassa and Marcia K. Koike
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:34
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  36. Tertiary outpatient ophthalmology clinics are high-risk environments for COVID-19 transmission, especially retina clinics, where regular follow-up is needed for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. In...

    Authors: A. C. S. Tan, R. Schwartz, D. Anaya, I. Chatziralli, M. Yuan, M. V. Cicinelli, L. Faes, M. Mustapha, N. Phasukkijwatana, D. Pohlmann, R. Reynolds, A. Rosenblatt, A. Savastano, S. Touhami, K. Vaezi, C. V. Ventura…
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:33
    Content type: Review Published on:

  37. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in diabetic patients. Despite the use of anti-VEGF therapy as first-line treatment, there are many patients whose response to treatment is poor or ...

    Authors: J. A. Cardillo, M. W. Rodrigues, R. C. Oliveira, A. M. V. Messias and R. Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:32
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  38. Dapsone is a synthetic sulfonamide used to treat numerous dermatologic conditions. Ocular side effects have been rarely reported and include retinal necrosis, optic atrophy, and macular infarction. We report t...

    Authors: Sarah P. Dugan and Hakan Demirci
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:31
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disorder characterized by peripheral avascular retina with neovascularization. Although FEVR has been thoroughly described in multiple literature pub...

    Authors: Yong Zheng Wai, Yong Yuin Chong, Lik Thai Lim, Norhafizah Hamzah and Jamalia Rahmat
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:30
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  40. Biomarkers hold great promise for personalized medicine as information gained from diagnostic or progression markers can be used to tailor treatment to the individual for highly effective intervention in the d...

    Authors: Ricardo Hayashi-Mercado, Carla Pérez-Montaño, Jaime Reyes-Sánchez and Abel Ramírez-Estudillo
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:29
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  41. To determine patient and surgical factors associated with the use of 360-degree laser retinopexy during primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) ± scleral buckle (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and...

    Authors: Matthew C. Peters, Alexander Murray-Douglass, Joseph Park, Sean S. H. Cheng, Anil K. Sharma, Abhishek Sharma, Kevin W. Vandeleur, Lawrence R. Lee and Thomas P. Moloney
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:28
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  42. To evaluate the accuracy of intravitreal injection volume of the pre-filled syringe (PFS) in which aflibercept is packaged compared to the BD Luer-Lok 1-mL syringe.

    Authors: John-Michael Guest, Brett Malbin, Gary Abrams, Anthony Parendo, Shibandri Das, Chinwenwa Okeagu, Bing X. Ross, Ashok Kumar and Xihui Lin
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:27
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  43. To report spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) imaging findings in type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel) and correlate them with clinical stages and visual acuity.

    Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Pranjal Mishra, Sameeksha Agrawal, Deepashri Mutalik, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Jay Chhablani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:26
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  44. This manuscript describes a case of a patient with presumed ocular tuberculosis masquerading as multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

    Authors: Zaira Fernanda Martinho Nicolau, Diego Lisboa Araújo, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Vinicius Campos Bergamo, Rodrigo Luz Meirelles and Octaviano Magalhães Júnior
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:25
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. To report a case of Fuchs’ adenoma occurring in an eye with a large choroidal melanoma. We have reviewed the literature to describe the clinical presentation, ultrasound characteristics and pathological featur...

    Authors: Elli Harford, Jane M. Palmer, William J. Glasson, Sunil K. Warrier, Kevin J. Whitehead, Kelly M. Brooks, Peter A. Johansson, Nicholas K. Hayward and Lindsay A. McGrath
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:24
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Our aim was to examine the long term anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with refractory diabetic macular oedema (DMO) undergoing treatment switch from ranibizumab to aflibercept.

    Authors: Anastasios E. Sepetis, Holly Clarke and Bhaskar Gupta
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:23
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  47. To evaluate the efficacy of single intravitreal injection of an expansile concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF6) in treating patients with symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) documented by ...

    Authors: Ahmed N. Fouad, Iman M. Eissa, Ghada A. Nassar, Mahmoud Leila and Adel M. Fathy
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:22
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  48. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is microangiopathy causing ischemia leading to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) reverses the ischemia leading to regression of n...

    Authors: Ahmed Shawkat Abdelhalim, Mohamed Farouk Sayed Othman Abdelkader, Mohamed Salah El-Din Mahmoud and Asmaa Anwar Mohamed Mohamed
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:21
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  49. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness worldwide, threatening the vision of approximately 10% of patients with diabetes. Many studies have demonstrated that intensive control of the risk facto...

    Authors: Khadijah Alattas, Dania W. Alsulami, Rahaf H. Alem, Felwa S. Alotaibi, Bayan A. Alghamdi and Layan S. Baeesa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:20
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  50. The purpose of the study was to investigate the short-term response profile after an intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with neovascular age-related macu...

    Authors: Anthony Gigon, Antonio Iskandar, Chiara Maria Eandi and Irmela Mantel
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:19
    Content type: Original article Published on:


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