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  1. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome with dyspnea, anosmia, fever, and cough. Few studies describing ocular findings have been reported. The current case series, rep...

    Authors: Helio F. Shiroma, Luiz H. Lima, Yuri B. Shiroma, Tereza C. Kanadani, Mario J. Nobrega, Gabriel Andrade, Milton Nunes de Moraes Filho and Fernando M. Penha
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:45
  2. MMP-9 plays a prominent role in inflammation and MMP-14 take part in angiogenesis. The objective of this study is to compare MMP-9 and MMP-14 levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

    Authors: A. Ünal, O. Baykal and N. Öztürk
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:44
  3. The present case aims to describe a previously healthy man who presented multiple attacks of transient monocular visual loss after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination and to discuss the possible mechanisms re...

    Authors: Leonardo Provetti Cunha, Ângelo Atalla, José de Melo Costa-Neto, Luciana Virgínia Ferreira Costa-Cunha, Rony Carlos Preti, Leandro Cabral Zacharias and Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:43
  4. We believe that our experience with patients presenting with Coats disease and macular sparing should be shared with our colleagues. We would like to show the effect of posture and prompt intervention in cases...

    Authors: Eduardo Cunha de Souza, Evandro Rosa, João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Bruno Campelo Leal and Helio Paulo Primiano Junior
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:42

    The Correction to this article has been published in International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:14

  5. Noninfectious endophthalmitis may be misdiagnosed, leading to serious clinical implications. So far, its causative factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the role of silicone oil and syringe ag...

    Authors: Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz, Murilo Ubukata Polizelli, Felipe Picanço Muralha, Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Morais, Octaviano Magalhães Silva Junior, Mauricio Maia, Gustavo Barreto Melo and Michel Eid Farah
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:41
  6. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Retinol and α-tocopherol of diabetic models prevent the damage of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) caused by h...

    Authors: Andi Muhammad Ichsan, Agussalim Bukhari, Subehan Lallo, Upik Anderiani Miskad, Andi Afdal Dzuhry, Itzar Chaidir Islam and Habibah Setyawati Muhiddin
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:40
  7. To assess the association of lipid and lipid-derived toxic molecules in pathogenesis and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    Authors: Lakshmi Kanta Mondal, Subhasish Pramanik, Subhankar Chowdhury, Chiranjit Bose, Debgopal Bera, Ayindrila Saha and Koena Bhattacharjee
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:39
  8. To investigate the adjunctive effect of an intravitreal ROCK inhibitor (fasudil) in combination with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on refractory macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

    Authors: Sahba Fekri, Ramin Nourinia, Babak Rahimi-Ardabili, Arash Daneshtalab, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Hamid Ahmadieh and Bahareh Kheiri
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:37
  9. Autologous plasmin enzyme facilitates the induction of posterior vitreous detachment(PVD) during vitrectomy in young patients. We proposed the concept of in-vivo generated plasmin which is based on the injecti...

    Authors: Cengiz Aras, Fevzi Senturk, Arif Koytak, Mahmut Dogramaci, Sevil Karaman Erdur and Selim Kocabora
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:36
  10. To evaluate the efficacy of retinal photography obtained by undergraduate students using a smartphone-based device in screening and early diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR).

    Authors: Jéssica Deponti Gobbi, João Pedro Romero Braga, Moises M. Lucena, Victor C. F. Bellanda, Miguel V. S. Frasson, Daniel Ferraz, Victor Koh and Rodrigo Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:35
  11. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are widely used for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR), but their effectiveness remains unclear. This research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy...

    Authors: Camila Q. Felipe, Ana Luiza Biancardi, Vinicius T. Civile, Nelson Carvas Junior, Pedro D. Serracarbassa and Marcia K. Koike
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:34
  12. Tertiary outpatient ophthalmology clinics are high-risk environments for COVID-19 transmission, especially retina clinics, where regular follow-up is needed for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. In...

    Authors: A. C. S. Tan, R. Schwartz, D. Anaya, I. Chatziralli, M. Yuan, M. V. Cicinelli, L. Faes, M. Mustapha, N. Phasukkijwatana, D. Pohlmann, R. Reynolds, A. Rosenblatt, A. Savastano, S. Touhami, K. Vaezi, C. V. Ventura…
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:33
  13. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in diabetic patients. Despite the use of anti-VEGF therapy as first-line treatment, there are many patients whose response to treatment is poor or ...

    Authors: J. A. Cardillo, M. W. Rodrigues, R. C. Oliveira, A. M. V. Messias and R. Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:32
  14. Dapsone is a synthetic sulfonamide used to treat numerous dermatologic conditions. Ocular side effects have been rarely reported and include retinal necrosis, optic atrophy, and macular infarction. We report t...

    Authors: Sarah P. Dugan and Hakan Demirci
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:31
  15. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disorder characterized by peripheral avascular retina with neovascularization. Although FEVR has been thoroughly described in multiple literature pub...

    Authors: Yong Zheng Wai, Yong Yuin Chong, Lik Thai Lim, Norhafizah Hamzah and Jamalia Rahmat
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:30
  16. Biomarkers hold great promise for personalized medicine as information gained from diagnostic or progression markers can be used to tailor treatment to the individual for highly effective intervention in the d...

    Authors: Ricardo Hayashi-Mercado, Carla Pérez-Montaño, Jaime Reyes-Sánchez and Abel Ramírez-Estudillo
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:29
  17. To determine patient and surgical factors associated with the use of 360-degree laser retinopexy during primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) ± scleral buckle (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and...

    Authors: Matthew C. Peters, Alexander Murray-Douglass, Joseph Park, Sean S. H. Cheng, Anil K. Sharma, Abhishek Sharma, Kevin W. Vandeleur, Lawrence R. Lee and Thomas P. Moloney
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:28
  18. To evaluate the accuracy of intravitreal injection volume of the pre-filled syringe (PFS) in which aflibercept is packaged compared to the BD Luer-Lok 1-mL syringe.

    Authors: John-Michael Guest, Brett Malbin, Gary Abrams, Anthony Parendo, Shibandri Das, Chinwenwa Okeagu, Bing X. Ross, Ashok Kumar and Xihui Lin
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:27
  19. To report spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) imaging findings in type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel) and correlate them with clinical stages and visual acuity.

    Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Pranjal Mishra, Sameeksha Agrawal, Deepashri Mutalik, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Jay Chhablani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:26
  20. This manuscript describes a case of a patient with presumed ocular tuberculosis masquerading as multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

    Authors: Zaira Fernanda Martinho Nicolau, Diego Lisboa Araújo, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Vinicius Campos Bergamo, Rodrigo Luz Meirelles and Octaviano Magalhães Júnior
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:25
  21. To report a case of Fuchs’ adenoma occurring in an eye with a large choroidal melanoma. We have reviewed the literature to describe the clinical presentation, ultrasound characteristics and pathological featur...

    Authors: Elli Harford, Jane M. Palmer, William J. Glasson, Sunil K. Warrier, Kevin J. Whitehead, Kelly M. Brooks, Peter A. Johansson, Nicholas K. Hayward and Lindsay A. McGrath
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:24
  22. Our aim was to examine the long term anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with refractory diabetic macular oedema (DMO) undergoing treatment switch from ranibizumab to aflibercept.

    Authors: Anastasios E. Sepetis, Holly Clarke and Bhaskar Gupta
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:23
  23. To evaluate the efficacy of single intravitreal injection of an expansile concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF6) in treating patients with symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) documented by ...

    Authors: Ahmed N. Fouad, Iman M. Eissa, Ghada A. Nassar, Mahmoud Leila and Adel M. Fathy
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:22
  24. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is microangiopathy causing ischemia leading to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) reverses the ischemia leading to regression of n...

    Authors: Ahmed Shawkat Abdelhalim, Mohamed Farouk Sayed Othman Abdelkader, Mohamed Salah El-Din Mahmoud and Asmaa Anwar Mohamed Mohamed
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:21
  25. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness worldwide, threatening the vision of approximately 10% of patients with diabetes. Many studies have demonstrated that intensive control of the risk facto...

    Authors: Khadijah Alattas, Dania W. Alsulami, Rahaf H. Alem, Felwa S. Alotaibi, Bayan A. Alghamdi and Layan S. Baeesa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:20
  26. The purpose of the study was to investigate the short-term response profile after an intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with neovascular age-related macu...

    Authors: Anthony Gigon, Antonio Iskandar, Chiara Maria Eandi and Irmela Mantel
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:19
  27. We report three cases of refractory chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery presenting to a referral center, and with repeated negative cultures. Initial treatment consisted of intravitreal and systemic...

    Authors: Mathias Paulo Loredo e Silva, Rodrigo Magno da Silva Oliveira, Bruno Freitas Lage, Clóvis Arcoverde Freitas, Moisés Salgado Pedrosa, Márcio Bittar Nehemy and Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:18
  28. Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a high prevalence in Brazil (Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020). The ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy damage is...

    Authors: Brunella Maria Pavan Taffner, Luiz Guilherme Ito da Cruz, Flávio de Ávila Fowler, Carolynne Cardoso Nawa, Marcia Telma Savioli, Denise Silva Rodrigues, Octaviano Magalhães Junior and Rubens Belfort Junior
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:16
  29. To measure the retinal/choroidal thicknesses in the macular area of asymptomatic pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

    Authors: Juliana Prazeres, Luiz Filipe Lucatto, Adriano Ferreira, Nilva Moraes, Josefina A. P. Braga, Luiz H. Lima, Caio Regatieri and Maurício Maia
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:15
  30. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an exudative maculopathy with features similar to wet age macular degeneration. The incidence of PCV is known to be higher in the Asian population compared to Caucasi...

    Authors: Annisa C. Permadi, Ari Djatikusumo and Gitalisa Andayani Adriono
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:14
  31. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy is now considered as one of standard therapies in approaching infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The purpose of this study was to assess ...

    Authors: Masoud Mirghorbani, Ali Rashidinia, Mehdi Yaseri, Mohammad Zarei, Hassan Khojasteh, Fatemeh Bazvand and Bobeck S. Modjtahedi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:13
  32. The aim of this study was to determine whether the choice of scleral indentation technique during primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery has an influence on the risk of re-detachment.

    Authors: Philip Wakili, Karl T. Boden, Peter Szurman, Annekatrin Rickmann, Rosemarie Schlosser, Lukas Bisorca-Gassendorf and Kai Januschowski
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:12
  33. This study explores the long term anatomic and functional results of patients who were switched to intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAI) after being initially managed with other anti-VEGF agents for neovas...

    Authors: Sean D. Adrean, Darren Knight, Siyang Chaili, Hema L. Ramkumar, Ash Pirouz and Scott Grant
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:11
  34. In primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), the foveal attachment is an important prognostic factors for post-operative vision. When the fovea is obscured by the RRD, its attachment status is considere...

    Authors: Obaid Kousha, Sonali Tarafdar and John Ellis
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:10
  35. We evaluated the utility and quality of surgical videos posted on the main retinal YouTube channels by surgeons at different career stages and assessed how well the steps of the vitrectomy videos conformed to ...

    Authors: Luiz Filipe Adami Lucatto, Juliana Moura Bastos Prazeres, Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra, Rafael Arantes, Gabriel Castilho Sandoval Barbosa, Emmerson Badaró, Luiz H. Lima and Eduardo Rodrigues
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:9
  36. Intravitreal injections (IVIs), a common treatment in ophthalmology, result in acute complications and urgent follow-up visits causing significant burden to both patient and physician. We evaluated the inciden...

    Authors: Alexander Miller, Matthew A. Wilneff, Andrew Yazji, Emily Petrinec, Michael Carbone, Chase Miller, Christina McCrossin, Richard Donkor and David G. Miller
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:8
  37. The tomographic finding, which has been called the "fingerprint sign" in en face reconstructions, seems to be the result of a variety of processes that cause distension of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the ...

    Authors: Ruy Felippe Brito Gonçalves Missaka, Mauro Goldbaum, Cleide Guimarães Machado, Emmett T. Cunningham Jr, Fernanda Maria Silveira Souto, Marcelo Mendes Lavezzo, Priscilla Figueiredo Campos da Nóbrega, Viviane Mayumi Sakata, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Carlos Eduardo Hirata and Joyce Hisae Yamamoto
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:7
  38. The variable visual function observed in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients is not fully explained by the classic staging system. Our purpose was to evaluate choroidal changes, in standardized sectors, in DR p...

    Authors: João Heitor Marques, Ana Marta, Catarina Castro, Pedro Manuel Baptista, Diana José, Daniel Almeida, António Ribeiro and Irene Barbosa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:6
  39. Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) is a rare and chronic bilateral uveitis mostly found in Caucasians. As few data are available about the clinical course of BRC in Hispanic patients, we aimed to report the clin...

    Authors: Maria Luisa Gois da Fonsêca, Raul N. G. Vianna, Anna C. H. Rocha, Antonio M. B. Casella, Arnaldo Cialdini, Cristina Muccioli, Daniela S. da Costa, Daniel R. Lucena, Daniel V. Vasconcelos-Santos, Eduardo Morizot, Elaine Castro, Ever E. C. Rodriguez, Felipe T. Diligenti, Fernanda B. O. Porto, Heloisa Nascimento, Joyce H. Yanamoto…
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:5
  40. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a rare condition where a mutation in the transthyretin gene leads to systemic deposition of amyloid. The manifestations and prognosis of ATTR amyloido...

    Authors: Nikhil S. Patil, Munir M. Iqbal and Lulu L. C. D. Bursztyn
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:4
  41. To describe the epidemiological traits, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions and evolution in a large series of patients with diagnosis of Eales’ disease.

    Authors: Sergio Murillo López, Silvia Medina Medina and Fernando Murillo López
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:3
  42. The advent of Anti- VEGFs like Lucentis (Ranibizumab), Eylea (Aflibercept) and off-label Avastin (Bevacizumab) have radically improved visual outcomes in patients of neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneratio...

    Authors: Monika Kapur, Suvansh Nirula and Mayuresh P. Naik
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:2
  43. Artificial intelligence and automated technology were first reported more than 70 years ago and nowadays provide unprecedented diagnostic accuracy, screening capacity, risk stratification, and workflow optimiz...

    Authors: Luis Filipe Nakayama, Lucas Zago Ribeiro, Mariana Batista Gonçalves, Daniel A. Ferraz, Helen Nazareth Veloso dos Santos, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Paulo Henrique Morales, Mauricio Maia, Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri and Rubens Belfort Mattos Jr
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:1
  44. To quantitatively evaluate the vitreomacular interface of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to investigate its association with the 1-year treatment outcome following intravitrea...

    Authors: Manabu Miyata, Sotaro Ooto, Kenji Yamashiro, Hiroshi Tamura, Akihito Uji, Masahiro Miyake, Yuki Muraoka, Ayako Takahashi and Akitaka Tsujikawa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:77
  45. To evaluate the effects of intravitreal silicone oil (SO) on the retinal and choroidal thickness in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

    Authors: Heshmatollah Ghanbari, Farzan Kianersi, Alireza Jamshidi Madad, Alireza Dehghani, Alireza Rahimi, Awat Feizi and Afsaneh Naderi Beni
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:76
  46. Modern surgical interventions effectively treat macular holes (MHs) more than 90%. Current surgical treatment for MHs is pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling...

    Authors: Mohd-Asyraaf Abdul-Kadir and Lik Thai Lim
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:75
  47. To assess the morphological and functional outcome of intravitreal aflibercept following the treat and extend protocol compared to the fixed protocol for treatment of eyes with neovascular age-related macular ...

    Authors: Alaa Din Abdin, Asem Mohamed, Cristian Munteanu, Isabel Weinstein, Achim Langenbucher, Berthold Seitz and Shady Suffo
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:74
  48. To evaluate retinal thickness and capillary density in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their association with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

    Authors: Monica Oliveira da Silva, Anne Elise Cruz do Carmo Chaves, Glauber Corrêa Gobbato, Mateus Augusto dos Reis, Fabio Lavinsky, Beatriz D’Agord Schaan and Daniel Lavinsky
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:73


The official journal of the Brazilian Retina and Vitreous Society


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