Articles

Vitreoretinal instruments: vitrectomy cutters, endoillumination and wide-angle viewing systems

There have been many advances in vitreoretinal surgery since Machemer introduced the concept of pars plana vitrectomy, in 1971. Of particular interest are the changes in the vitrectomy cutters, their fluidics ...

Authors: Paulo Ricardo Chaves de Oliveira, Alan Richard Berger and David Robert Chow

Neovascular glaucoma: a review

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a secondary glaucoma generally associated with poor visual prognosis. The development of new vessels over the iris and the iridocorneal angle can obstruct aqueous humor outflow an...

Authors: Gustavo B. Rodrigues, Ricardo Y. Abe, Camila Zangalli, Savio L. Sodre, Flavia A. Donini, Danilo C. Costa, Andre Leite, Joao P. Felix, Marcelo Torigoe, Alberto Diniz-Filho and Homero Gusmão de Almeida

Novel perspectives on swept-source optical coherence tomography

Technologies for multimodal digital imaging of vitreoretinal diseases have improved the accuracy of diagnosis and the depth of the knowledge of the mechanisms of disease and their response to treatments. Optic...

Authors: Fabio Lavinsky and Daniel Lavinsky

The role of optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and its incidence is increasing worldwide along with population aging. Previous clinical and histologic studies suggest that the neurodegenerative ...

Authors: Leonardo Provetti Cunha, Ana Laura Maciel Almeida, Luciana Virgínia Ferreira Costa-Cunha, Carolina Ferreira Costa and Mário L. R. Monteiro

Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM): a reversible bioadhesive for sclerotomy closure

To determine the safety and efficacy of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, a thermoresponsive adhesive, for sutureless sclerotomy closure in rabbits.

Authors: Luiz H. Lima, Yael Morales and Thiago Cabral

Choroidal thickness in older patients with central serous chorioretinopathy

To investigate the choroidal thickness in older patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) compared to age-matched normal subjects.

Authors: Caio V. Regatieri, Eduardo A. Novais, Lauren Branchini, Mehreen Adhi, Emily D. Cole, Ricardo Louzada, Mark Lane, Elias Reichel and Jay S. Duker

Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a case–control study

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of blindness among working age adults. The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for development of DR.

Authors: Vinícius Carriero Lima, Gabriela Coutinho Cavalieri, Maurício Carriero Lima, Nazaré Otília Nazario and Gina Carriero Lima

Aflibercept in branch retinal vein occlusion as second line therapy: clinical outcome 12 months after changing treatment from bevacizumab/ranibizumab—a pilot study

To evaluate the effect of aflibercept (as second line therapy) on the clinical outcome in patients with chronic macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) insufficiently responding to pri...

Authors: Magdalena A. Wirth, Matthias D. Becker, Nicole Graf and Stephan Michels

Macular pigment in retinal health and disease

Lutein and zeaxanthin, two carotenoid pigments of the xanthophyll subclass, are present in high concentrations in the retina, especially in the macula. They work as a filter protecting the macula from blue lig...

Authors: Verônica Castro Lima, Richard B. Rosen and Michel Farah

Intralesional antibiotic injection using 41G needle for the management of subretinal abscess in endogenous endophthalmitis

Presence of subretinal abscess in endogenous endophthalmitis indicates a more severe form of infection. Available reports indicate variable response to standard treatment with systemic, intravitreal pharmacoth...

Authors: Pradeep Venkatesh, Shreys Temkar, Koushik Tripathy and Rohan Chawla

Expanded spectral domain-OCT findings in the early detection of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and changes following drug cessation

To report expanded SD-OCT findings of HCQ retinopathy that may assist the clinician in earlier diagnosis. To characterize structural changes of HCQ retinopathy with SD-OCT after drug cessation.

Authors: David R. Lally, Jeffrey S. Heier, Caroline Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Steven Maler, Chirag P. Shah, Elias Reichel, Nadia K. Waheed, Igor Bussel, Adam Rogers and Jay S. Duker

Initiation of intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema: a review of VIVID-DME and VISTA-DME data

Diabetic macular edema (DME) shows a gradual and sustained functional and morphologic response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, but the optimal schedule for initiation of anti-VEGF ther...

Authors: Focke Ziemssen, Patricio G. Schlottman, Jennifer I. Lim, Hansjürgen Agostini, Gabriele E. Lang and Francesco Bandello

Automated macular choroidal thickness measurement by swept-source optical coherence tomography in pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) typically involves elastic fibers in blood vessels and Bruch membrane. Our purpose was to analyze retinal and choroidal macular thickness in patients with angioid streaks due PXE...

Authors: Rosa Dolz-Marco, María Andreu-Fenoll, Pablo Hernández-Martínez, M. Dolores Pinazo-Durán and Roberto Gallego-Pinazo

Changes of macular pigment optical density in elderly eyes: a longitudinal analysis from the MARS study

Macular pigment (MP) has been related to the occurrence of age related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated prospectively in eyes of elderly individuals how magnitude and spatial distribution of MP had ...

Authors: Verena Meyer zu Westrup, Martha Dietzel, Meike Zeimer, Daniel Pauleikhoff and Hans-Werner Hense

Multimodal imaging of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation associated with an iris mass lesion

Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare, paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by bilateral painless visual loss and proliferation of choroidal melanocytes in association with an un...

Authors: Jonathan Naysan, Claudine E. Pang, Robert W. Klein and K. Bailey Freund

Human retinal microvascular imaging using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy

Retinal microvascular imaging is an especially promising application of high resolution imaging since there are increasing options for therapeutic intervention and need for better structural and functional bio...

Authors: Toco Y. P. Chui, Shelley Mo, Brian Krawitz, Nikhil R. Menon, Nadim Choudhury, Alexander Gan, Moataz Razeen, Nishit Shah, Alexander Pinhas and Richard B. Rosen

Clinical applications of fundus autofluorescence in retinal disease

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a non-invasive retinal imaging modality used in clinical practice to provide a density map of lipofuscin, the predominant ocular fluorophore, in the retinal pigment epithelium....

Authors: Madeline Yung, Michael A. Klufas and David Sarraf

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) versus perfluoropropane (C₃F₈) tamponade and short term face-down position for macular hole repair: a randomized prospective study

To compare early visual and anatomical outcomes after either sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) or perfluoropropane (C₃F₈) tamponade for macular hole repair.

Authors: Giamberto Casini, Pasquale Loiudice, Stefano De Cillà, Paolo Radice and Marco Nardi

Correlation of biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, nitric oxide and central subfield and cube average thickness in diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study

To evaluate the role of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) as biochemical biomarkers and central subfield (CST) and cube average thickness (CAT) as biomarkers for medical imag...

Authors: Surabhi Ruia, Sandeep Saxena, S. Prasad, Shashi R. Sharma, Levent Akduman and Vinay K. Khanna

Prevalence of outer retinal tubulation in eyes with choroidal neovascularization

Outer retinal tubulations (ORTs) are branching tubular structures located in the outer nuclear layer of the retina. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of ORTs observed in eyes with choroidal...

Authors: Richard Geraldo Giachetti Filho, Leandro Cabral Zacharias, Thaís Vera Monteiro, Rony Carlos Preti and Sérgio Gianoti Pimentel

Visual response and anatomical changes on sequential spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in birdshot chorioretinopathy treated with local corticosteroid therapy

Birdshot chorioretinopathy is a chronic bilateral inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by bilateral retinal vasculitis, mild to moderate vitritis, retinal vascular leakage, cystoid macular ed...

Authors: Marisa Gobuty, Mehreen Adhi, Sarah P. Read and Jay S. Duker

Reviewer acknowledgement 2015

The Editors of International Journal of Retina and Vitreous would like to thank all of our reviewers, both external and Editorial Board Members, who have contributed to the journal in Volume 1 (2015) and whose va...

Authors: Jay Duker and Eduardo Rodrigues

Choroidal thickness using EDI-OCT in adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy

To compare choroidal thickness in patients with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD) with healthy subjects and to correlate choroidal thickness with age, gender and spherical equivalent.

Authors: Renato Menezes Palácios, Thaís Sousa Mendes, Ronaldo Yuiti Sano, Davi Chen Wu, Teruo Aihara and Roberta Pereira de Almeida Manzano

Clinical application of genetic testing for posterior uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, and it has a strong potential to metastasize. Traditionally, clinicopathological features of these tumors were used to provide a limited p...

Authors: Victoria J. Schopper and Zelia M. Correa

Fusion proteins for treatment of retinal diseases: aflibercept, ziv-aflibercept, and conbercept

In the last few years, monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of retinal neovascular diseases. More recently, a different class of drugs, fusion proteins, has provided an alternative treatment...

Authors: João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Gabriel Costa de Andrade, Eduardo Amorim Novais, Michel Eid Farah and Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues

Conversion back to bevacizumab or ranibizumab for recurrent neovascular activity with aflibercept in age-related macular degeneration: a case series

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration often requires chronic therapy with anti-VEGF agents, and patients with recurrent disease are challenging to manage.

Authors: Geraldine R. Slean, Kornwipa Hemarat, Rahul N. Khurana and Jay M. Stewart

Central retinal vein occlusion concomitant with dengue fever

Dengue virus infection is on the rise and there is increasing number of ocular complications that are being reported. Most common ocular complications are macular edema, macular hemorrhages, and foveolitis. Th...

Authors: Punithamalar Velaitham and Nandini Vijayasingham

Vitreous haemorrhage in massive hemorrhagic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes

To report the outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with hemorrhagic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Authors: Raja Narayanan, Kopal Mithal, Subhadra Jalali, Jay Kumar Chhablani, Annie Mathai and Md Hasnat Ali

Genetic screening for neovascular AMD: cost effective…not so quick

The following is a response to Brown and colleagues (Int J Retin Vitr 1:19, 2015), who analyzed the cost effectiveness of genetic screening for neovascular AMD in Category 3 (intermediate). As explained in this l...

Authors: Elias Reichel

Multimodal imaging of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium associated with an acquired vitelliform lesion

We present a case of a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium associated with a subfoveal acquired vitelliform lesion induced by vitreomacular traction. The purpose of this report is t...

Authors: Bora Chae, Elona Dhrami-Gavazi, Kunal K. Dansingani, K. Bailey Freund, Winston Lee and Lawrence A. Yannuzzi

Early detection of age related macular degeneration: current status

Early diagnosis and treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a main cause of severe vision loss in age related macular degeneration (AMD), is crucial in order to preserve vision and the quality of life...

Authors: Roy Schwartz and Anat Loewenstein

Metamizole versus placebo for panretinal photocoagulation pain control: a prospective double-masked randomized controlled study

Diabetic retinopathy is one of most common and threatening ocular diseases. Many of these patients need to be submitted to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), experiencing a significant level of pain. The purpo...

Authors: Rafael Barbosa de Araújo, Leandro Cabral Zacharias, Breno Marques de Azevedo, Beatrice Schmidt Giusti, Rony Carlos Pretti, Walter Y. Takahashi and Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro

Triple combination therapy and zeaxanthin for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: an interventional comparative study and cost-effectiveness analysis

Reports of triple combination therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) suggest a benefit, as do reports for zeaxanthin. An interventional comparative study was thus undertaken to evaluate...

Authors: R. Joseph Olk, Enrique Peralta, Dennis L. Gierhart, Gary C. Brown and Melissa M. Brown

Managing macular hole associated with acute inflammatory Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

We report a 24-year-old man with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome who developed a macular hole (MH) during the acute inflammatory stage. Spontaneous resolution was unlikely because of the MH dimensions and...

Authors: Rodrigo M. Navarro, Gisele C. Guizilini, Leonardo M. Machado and Mauricio Maia

A Value-Based Medicine cost-utility analysis of genetic testing for neovascular macular degeneration

There is a dearth of patient, preference-based cost-effectiveness analyses evaluating genetic testing for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD).

Authors: Gary C. Brown, Melissa M. Brown, Heidi B. Lieske, Philip A. Lieske and Kathryn S. Brown

Evaluation of retinectomy in the treatment of severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy

To evaluate the postoperative results and efficacy of retinectomy in the treatment of severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Authors: Thaís Sousa Mendes, André Marcelo Vieira Gomes, Bruno Saraiva Rocha, Hélcio Valério Passos Junior and Suel Abujamra

Safe dose of intravitreal imatinib and its effect on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization: a rat-model experiment

This two-phase experimental study was conducted to determine the maximum safe dose of intravitreal imatinib (IVI) and its inhibitory effect on a rat model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Authors: Homayoun Nikkhah, Hamid Ahmadieh, Alireza Ramezani, Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi, Seyed Bagher Hosseini, Naficeh Sadeghi, Seyed Mohsen Khandaghy Meybodi and Mehdi Yaseri

Type 1 neovascularization may confer resistance to geographic atrophy amongst eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

To report a series of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients in whom progression to geographic atrophy (GA) in one eye receiving frequent intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth fa...

Authors: Elona Dhrami-Gavazi, Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam, Winston Lee and K. Bailey Freund

Multimodal imaging documentation of rapid evolution of retinal changes in handheld laser-induced maculopathy

To use multimodal imaging to document the relatively rapid clinical evolution of handheld laser-induced maculopathy (HLIM). To demonstrate that inadvertent ocular injury can result from devices mislabeled with...

Authors: Elona Dhrami-Gavazi, Winston Lee, Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam, Larisa Kayserman, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi and K. Bailey Freund

How to prevent endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections

Endophthalmitis is an uncommon but often visually devastating complication of intravitreal injections. This commentary reviews the key aspects and technical components of intravitreal injections and how they m...

Authors: Roger A Goldberg

Optic disc pit maculopathy: when and how to treat? A review of the pathogenesis and treatment options

Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic disc, which can be complicated by a maculopathy associated with progressive visual loss. Optic disc pits are usually unilateral and sporadic in oc...

Authors: Elad Moisseiev, Joseph Moisseiev and Anat Loewenstein

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings of choroidal neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Angioid streaks (AS) are the most common ocular manifestation in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The major cause of severe visual loss in patients with AS is choroidal neovascularization (CNV). W...

Authors: Orly Gal-Or, Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam and K Bailey Freund

High-resolution adaptive optics findings in talc retinopathy

Talc retinopathy is a recognized ocular condition characterized by the presence of small, yellow, glistening crystals found inside small retinal vessels and within different retinal layers. These crystals can ...

Authors: Mohamed K Soliman, Salman Sarwar, Mostafa Hanout, Mohammad A Sadiq, Aniruddha Agarwal, Vikas Gulati, Quan Dong Nguyen and Yasir J Sepah

Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection: a comprehensive review

The purpose of this review is to report and summarize previously reported studies and assess many of the individual steps of the intravitreal injection procedure’s possible effect on the prevention of endophth...

Authors: Rohan Merani and Alex P Hunyor

Type 1 neovascularization with polypoidal lesions complicating dome shaped macula

Dome-shaped macula is described as an inward bulge of the macula within a posterior staphyloma in highly myopic eyes. Choroidal neovascularization is a known complication that can cause visual loss in dome-sha...

Authors: Jonathan Naysan, Kunal K Dansingani, Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam and K Bailey Freund

Low dose corticosteroid in association with methotrexate for therapy of ocular sarcoidosis: report of a case

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Ocular involvement can be the initial manifestation, occurring by itself, or it can be associated with other systemic signs of sarcoidosi...

Authors: Grasiane Nunes Mayer, Morgana Longo, Bárbara Brandi Gomes and Mário Junqueira Nóbrega

Comparison of outcomes between 20, 23 and 25 gauge vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole

To compare the results of 20, 23, 25 gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with two different gas tamponades for idiopathic macular hole (MH) in a multi-surgeon vitroretinal practice.

Authors: Fatma Dihowm and Mathew MacCumber

Welcome to International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

Authors: Eduardo B Rodrigues, Jay S Duker and André V Gomes

Timing and outcomes after silicone oil removal in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: a retrospective clinical series

To evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes after silicone oil extraction in patients with retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy in an eye care referral center in Joinville, SC, southern Br...

Authors: Renata Leite De Pinho Tavares, Mário Junqueira Nóbrega, Fernando Amaral Junqueira Nóbrega, Fernando José De Novelli and Carlos Augusto Cardim De Oliveira

Investigation of new dyes for chromovitrectomy: preclinical biocompatibility of trisodium, orangell and methyl violet

To investigate the retinal toxicity by electroretinography (ERG), clinical examination and histology after intravitreal injection of biological stains in two concentrations: Trisodium (0.50 g/L and 1.00 g/L), ...

Authors: Emmerson Badaro, Rodrigo A Souza-Lima, Eduardo A Novais, Mauricio Maia, Flávio Hirai, Carsten H Meyer, Michel Eid Farah and Eduardo B Rodrigues