Table 1 Stem cell therapy

Diabetic retinopathy

Mesenchymal stem cells

Absorption of ROS through expression of sulfoxide reductase A

Endothelial progenitor cells

Incorporation into host retinal tissue and prevention of neovascularization

Macular degeneration

Induction of pluripotent stem cells

Differentiation into photoreceptors and RPE cells and integration into the host cell structure

Subretinal ESC transplantation

Regenerative therapy

Retinitis pigmentosa

Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Improved survival of neurons and retinal ganglionic cells and preserves structure of the optic nerve

Induction of neural stem cell secretion of ciliary neurotrophic factor

Protection of photoreceptor cells