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  1. to evaluate the pain-relieving effect of analgesic combinations during pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

    Authors: Mohammadkarim Johari, Sarah Safniyat, Mohammadreza Badie, Abdulrahim Amini and Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:10
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  2. Cone contrast threshold testing (CCT) provides quantitative measurements of color and contrast function to reveal changes in vision quality that are not standard endpoints in clinical trials. We utilize CCT to...

    Authors: Kayla M. White, Itamar Livnat, Caroline R. Frambach, John Doan, Urmi V. Mehta, Clara Yuh, Anton M. Palma, Kimberly A. Jameson, M. Cristina Kenney, Mitul C. Mehta, Chantal J. Boisvert, Wade R. Crow and Andrew W. Browne
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:9
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  3. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection interval influences treatment burden and compliance in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This real-world study investigates ...

    Authors: Joseph M. Coney, Ryan Zubricky, Samriddhi Buxy Sinha, Nina Sonbolian, Lujia Zhou, Thomas P. Hull, Shawn A. Lewis, David G. Miller, Michael A. Novak, Scott D. Pendergast, Hang Pham, Sean M. Platt, Llewelyn J. Rao, Jerome P. Schartman, Lawrence J. Singerman, Richard Donkor…
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:8
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  6. Color vision deficiency impairs one’s ability to perceive and discriminate colors. Color-deficient individuals may face discrimination in various occupations, particularly in medical school admissions. This di...

    Authors: Ting Fang Tan, Andrzej Grzybowski, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk and Anna C. S. Tan
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:5
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  7. The CLOSE study group proposes an updated surgical classification for large macular holes based on a systematic review of new treatments. Recently, many new techniques have been introduced to treat large full-...

    Authors: Flavio A. Rezende, Bruna G. Ferreira, Emmanouil Rampakakis, David H. Steel, Michael J. Koss, Zofia A. Nawrocka, Daniela Bacherini, Eduardo B. Rodrigues, Carsten H. Meyer, Tomaso Caporossi, Tamer H. Mahmoud, Stanislao Rizzo, Mark W. Johnson and Jay S. Duker
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:4
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  8. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a potentially blinding choroidal disease. Despite decades of research, the pathological mechanisms of CSCR are still poorly understood. In recent years, there has bee...

    Authors: Arman Zarnegar, Joshua Ong, Tejaswini Matsyaraja, Supriya Arora and Jay Chhablani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:3
    Content type: Review Published on:

  9. To assess the response of CNV secondary to chorioretinal diseases to IVA and to explore the adequate dosing regimen and the long-term results.

    Authors: Magdy Moussa, Mahmoud Leila, Mayada Ali Mohamed and Ahmed Osama Hashem
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:2
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  10. To determine the safety and efficacy of intravitreal sirolimus and adjunct aflibercept in subjects with persistent, exudative age-related macular degeneration despite previous intravitreal anti-vascular endoth...

    Authors: Lucas W. Rowe, Robert J. Minturn, Lauren A. Burgett, Peter Bracha and Raj K. Maturi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2023 9:1
    Content type: Original Article Published on:

  11. To report the clinical features, multi-modal imaging characteristics and their corroboration, and prognostic value of internal limiting membrane detachment (ILMD), a novel OCT biomarker in acute CRAO.

    Authors: Mukesh Jain, Raja Narayanan, Biswajit Barik, Niroj Kumar Sahoo, Vishal Raval and Nikitha G. Reddy
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:86
    Content type: Original Article Published on:

  12. In this study, we evaluated the incidence and clinical characteristics of post-vitrectomy acute endophthalmitis in a tertiary eye center.

    Authors: SeyedehMaryam Hosseini, Ghazale Daraee, Nasser Shoeibi, Elham Bakhtiari, Mohammad-reza Ansari-astaneh, Mojtaba Abrishami and Mehrdad Motamed Shariati
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:85
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  13. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of age as an independent factor for the response to two anti-VEGF agents, intravitreal ranibizumab and intravitreal aflibercept, among patients presented ...

    Authors: Hanan A. Alshalan, J. Fernando Arevalo, Saleh I. Alomary, Husam I. Ardah and Mohammd A. Hazzazi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:84
    Content type: Original Article Published on:

  14. The evolution of vitrectomy has led to improved suturless techniques and minimally invasive surgery. Nevertheless, the procedure requires great bimanual dexterity and poses risk for lens touch, especially in t...

    Authors: Goran Petrovski, Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk, Knut Stieger and David Petrovski
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:83
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  16. A significant portion of diabetic macular edema (DME) is refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. This study investigates morphological and functional outcomes to a single intr...

    Authors: Christopher A. Turski, Mitchell A. Jacobs, Michelle M. Abou-Jaoude, Nicholas H. Fowler, Ryan Harpole, Emily Altman, John B. Chadwell, Gabriel Kindl, Hayley R. James, Shivani V. Reddy and Ramiro S. Maldonado
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:81
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  17. To evaluate the efficacy of the multi-layer internal limiting membrane plug (MIP) technique in promoting the closure of large full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) and improvement of visual function.

    Authors: Ehab N El Rayes, Mahmoud Leila and Panagiotis Stavrakas
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:80
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  18. Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal neurodegenerative disorder. Human genetic data support the complement system as a key component of pathogenesis in AMD, ...

    Authors: Ted Yednock, Donald S. Fong and Eleonora M. Lad
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:79
    Content type: Review Published on:

  19. to determine the percentage of patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) among patients who have been misdiagnosed and treated with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

    Authors: Mohsen Farvardin, Abdulrahim Amini, Younes Azizpourfard, Masoud Yasemi, Zahra Mahdizad and Mohammadkarim Johari
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:78
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  20. Cataract surgery with multifocal IOLs could give patients good vision and great satisfaction, at the same time generating high expectations; therefore, its precise indication is essential if we are to reach ou...

    Authors: Rodrigo Braz Hinnig, Luiz Felipe Silva Martins and Fernando Marcondes Penha
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:77
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  21. AQUILA (NCT03470103) was a prospective, observational, 12-month cohort study evaluating treatment patterns, clinical effectiveness, and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in patients from Latin Ameri...

    Authors: Lihteh Wu, Arnaldo F. Bordon, Martin Charles, Francisco J. Rodríguez, JinKyung Lee, Tobias Machewitz, Margarete Mueller, Gabriela del Carmen Gay and Jans Fromow-Guerra
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:76
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  22. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new non-invasive imaging technique to evaluate retinal vascular complexes. However, there is still a lack of standardization and reproducibility ...

    Authors: Luiz Guilherme Marchesi Mello, Taurino dos Santos Rodrigues Neto, Epitácio Dias da Silva Neto, Rony Carlos Preti, Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro and Leandro Cabral Zacharias
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:75
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  23. To evaluate the additive effect of topical or sub-tenon injection of interferon (IFN)-α 2b in the treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema.

    Authors: Hooshang Faghihi, Bahman Inanloo, Arash Mirzaee, Kaveh Fadakar, Ahmad Mirshahi, Nazanin Ebrahimiadib, Fariba Ghassemi, Fatemeh Bazvand, Abdulrahman Amini, Masoud Mirghorbani, Shahin Faghihi, Elias Khalili Pour and Hamid Riazi-Esfahani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:74
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  24. To describe the anatomical and functional outcomes and late complications in patients who developed inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in silicone oil-filled eyes and who required reoperation with ...

    Authors: Gabriel Castilho Sandoval Barbosa, Allan Gomes da Silva, Guilherme Daher Gonçalves Monteiro dos Reis, Frederico Hackbart Bermudes, Carolina Maria Barbosa Lemos, Rafael Garcia, Thiago José Muniz Machado Mazzeo, Cleide Guimarães Machado and André Marcelo Vieira Gomes
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:73
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  25. The somatotrophic axis, including hypothalamic growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), pituitary GH and circulating IGF-I, is critical for body size. However, the local production of GH/IGF-I (and IGF-II...

    Authors: Nelmo V. Menezes, Cynthia S. Barros-Oliveira, Roberto Salvatori, Vinicius C. Gois, Cindi G. Marinho, Carla R. P. Oliveira, Viviane C. Campos, Alécia A. Oliveira-Santos, Hertz T. Santos-Júnior, Elenilde G. Santos, Enaldo V. Melo, Augusto C. N. Faro, Neima V. Oliveira, Hérika M. Gumes-Felix, Gustavo B. Melo and Manuel H. Aguiar-Oliveira
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:72
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  26. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) are used widely for reflectance, fluorescence or autofluorescence photography and less commonly for retroillumination imaging. SLOs scan a visible light or near-infrared r...

    Authors: Martin A. Mainster, Thomas Desmettre, Giuseppe Querques, Patricia L. Turner and Gerardo Ledesma-Gil
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:71
    Content type: Review Published on:

  27. To evaluate the rate and risk factors of epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation and need for ERM peeling after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

    Authors: Andrei-Alexandru Szigiato, Fares Antaki, Simon Javidi, Samir Touma, Renaud Duval, Ghassan Cordahi, Sebastien Olivier and Flavio A. Rezende
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:70
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  28. To describe chorioretinal signs in a case series of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA).

    Authors: Antonio M. B. Casella, Ahmad M. Mansour, Souza EC, Rodrigo B. do Prado, Rodrigo Meirelles, Keye Wong, Salma Yassine and Mário Luiz R. Monteiro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:69
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  29. Sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) is one of the most important ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD). This study aims to assess the prevalence of SCR in SCD, identify risk factors for its development ...

    Authors: Mohammed Nawaiseh, Allaa Roto, Yara Nawaiseh, Mohammad Salameh, Rund Haddadin, Lana Mango, Hussam Nawaiseh, Doha Alsaraireh, Qais Nawaiseh, Saif Aldeen AlRyalat, Amer Alwreikat, David J. Ramsey and Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:68
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  30. Aflibercept is a relatively new anti-VEGF used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of pro re nata (PRN) and fixed regimen (bimonthl...

    Authors: Andi Arus Victor and Yan Martha Putri
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:67
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. The present study reports the functional and anatomical outcomes of eyes with acute retinal necrosis(ARN).

    Authors: Alireza Mojarrad, Arash Omidtabrizi, Mohammadreza Ansari Astaneh, Elham Bakhtiari, Elham Shiezadeh, Mohadeseh Hassani and Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:66
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  32. To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of primary surgery in patients with giant retinal tear (GRT)-associated retinal detachment (GRT-RD) to patients with simple rhegmatogenous RD (RRD).

    Authors: Jérôme Garneau, Mélanie Hébert, Eunice You, Serge Bourgault, Mathieu Caissie, Éric Tourville and Ali Dirani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:65
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  33. Methods of sclerotomy closure following a vitrectomy, including the use of sutures, have been associated with complications such as inflammation, foreign body sensation, and infection. Here, we test an innovat...

    Authors: Mallory K. Suarez, Rebecca M. Sappington and Bartlett Hayes
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:64
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  34. To report a case of bilateral intermediate uveitis without cystoid macular edema secondary to paclitaxel therapy, and its successful management with oral corticosteroids.

    Authors: Michael Kvopka, Justine R. Smith, Bogda Koczwara and Stewart R. Lake
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:63
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  35. Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC), a cavernous change in the peripapillary choroid, may present with macular lesions. Here, we present a rare case of PICC with outer lamellar macular hole and macu...

    Authors: Shuichiro Aoki and Hiroko Imaizumi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:62
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. To measure the visual outcomes, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and retinectomy rates following primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, comparing silicone oil (SO) and heavy SO (Densiron).

    Authors: George Moussa, Maria Tadros, Soon Wai Ch’ng, Ash Sharma, Kim Son Lett, Arijit Mitra, Ajai K. Tyagi and Walter Andreatta
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:61
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  37. To report a case of a subretinal, unilateral, peripapillary granuloma that was diagnosed as sarcoidosis by a 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy subretinal biopsy. Sarcoidosis is a chronic idiopathic granulomatous ...

    Authors: Jason R. Daley, Svetlana Cherepanoff, Peter G. Heydon and Adrian T. Fung
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:60
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. To correlate the structural-vascular-functional changes in type 2 non-proliferative macular telangiectasia (MacTel) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA).

    Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Pranjal Mishra, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Jay Chhablani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:59
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  39. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is an aggressive lymphoma that may present with protean features and represents a diagnostic challenge. Given that patients with PVRL are at high risk of CNS involvement w...

    Authors: Lucy T. Xu, Ye Huang, Albert Liao, Casey L. Anthony, Alfredo Voloschin and Steven Yeh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:58
    Content type: Review Published on:

  40. To analyze the changes in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and circularity in the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravit...

    Authors: Albert John Bromeo, Patricia Grulla-Quilendrino, Ruth Camille Antolin, Emil Joshua John Salcedo, Cheryl A. Arcinue, Ralph Anthony De Jesus and Amadeo Veloso Jr.
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:57
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  41. To describe a rare case of a 13 years-old healthy child that presented CRAO secondary to carotid artery dissection, which occurred after a neck rotation movement.

    Authors: Thiago José Muniz Machado Mazzeo, Raimunda Cristina Mendonça Freire, Luciano Fuzzato Filho, Cleide Guimarães Machado and André Marcelo Vieira Gomes
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:56
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has been used to treat multiple cancers including liver metastasis from uveal and cutaneous melanoma but not as primary tumor treatment. We report the compassionate use of che...

    Authors: Rodrigo Jorge, Igor Coelho, Gustavo Viani, Amanda Alexia R. Vieira, Fernando Chahud, Daniel G. Abud and Zelia M. Correa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:55
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. Uveal metastasis is reported to be the most common intraocular malignancy. The most common site of origin of ocular metastases in females is the breast. In some cases, uveal metastatic lesions respond to syste...

    Authors: Shweta Parakh, Shrutanjoy Das, Shrey Maheshwari, Vinita Gupta, Gaurav Luthra and Saurabh Luthra
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:54
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Few challenges are faced with the introduction of anti-VEGF agents as a modality of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. The clinical behavior and time course of regression post injection differ compared ...

    Authors: Raghad Al Rasheed, Mohammad Idrees Adhi, Sarah Abdullah Alowedi, Bayan Albdah, Tariq Aldebasi and Mohammad A. Hazzazi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:53
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  45. AQUILA (NCT03470103) was a prospective, observational, 12-month cohort study to understand treatment patterns and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in pati...

    Authors: Francisco J. Rodríguez, Lihteh Wu, Arnaldo F. Bordon, Martin Charles, JinKyung Lee, Tobias Machewitz, Margarete Mueller, Gabriela del Carmen Gay and Jans Fromow-Guerra
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:52
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  46. The current standard treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) involves intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. The aim of the present stu...

    Authors: Sanjay Kumar Mishra, Pradeep Kumar, Srishti Khullar, Amrita Joshi, Alok Sati, Sonali Vinay Kumar, Deepesh Unni and Atul Kumar
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:51
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  47. Beta-blockers may counteract the effect of catecholamines on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) pathology and accelerate the improvement of neurosensory retinal detachment. Oral propranolol has been associ...

    Authors: Annelise Nicotti Gonçalves, Ingrid U. Scott and Rodrigo Jorge
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:50
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  48. The optimal timing of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) following ocular trauma is an ongoing debate. Early vitrectomy post-trauma enables the rapid assessment of retinal disease by removing the scaffold that foster...

    Authors: Muhammad Z. Chauhan, Michalis Georgiou, Hytham Al-Hindi and Sami H. Uwaydat
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:49
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  49. Papilledema is the main ocular finding in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) although several chorioretinal abnormalities may also occur and contribute to visual loss. The purpose of this...

    Authors: Leonardo E. Ariello, Luiz Guilherme Marchesi Mello, Sérgio Luis Gianotti Pimentel and Mário L. R. Monteiro
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:48
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. To examine the relationship between gene expression profile class and tumor thickness reduction as measured by ultrasonography in response to plaque brachytherapy using a single-center, retrospective cohort st...

    Authors: Arjun Sharma, John E. Mignano and Jay S. Duker
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:47
    Content type: Original article Published on:


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