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  1. Subthreshold microsecond pulsing laser is an increasingly common treatment approach for central serous chorioretinopathy. However, there is no literature available on the safety of microsecond laser using diff...

    Authors: Jay Chhablani, Gagan Kalra, Lubna Alkwatli, Bernd Fassbender, Francesca Amoroso, Khushboo Chandra, Samantha Ankireddy, Dmitrii Maltsev, Nina-Antonia Striebe and Eric Souied

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:62

    Content type: Original article

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  2. To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) in relation to the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).

    Authors: Doaa Maamoun Ashour, Amany Abd El-Fattah El-Shazly, Randa Hesham Ali Abdelgawad and Mohamed Ibrahim Saleh

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:61

    Content type: Original article

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  4. Intraocular osseous metaplasia is a rare histological finding associated with benign cellular transformation. Its development requires inflammatory cytokines and the process takes many years. Previous case rep...

    Authors: Yi-Ran Chiou, Lei-Chi Wang and Yu-Bai Chou

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:59

    Content type: Case report

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  5. Intraocular lymphoma accounts for fewer than 1% of intraocular tumors. When the posterior segment is involved, it can be further classified as vitreoretinal or choroidal lymphoma. Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) ...

    Authors: Aditya Rali, Lucy T. Xu, Caroline Craven, Jonathon B. Cohen, Steven Yeh, Hans E. Grossniklaus and Ghazala D. O’Keefe

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:58

    Content type: Case report

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  6. To compare the functional and anatomic outcomes at 24 months of eyes with a primary macular hole that failed to close after a prior surgery and were treated with either an autologous transplantation of interna...

    Authors: Arturo Alezzandrini, Camila I. Dorrego, María Victoria Cibrán, Valentina Cortina-Revelli, Franco D. Rocco, Marcelo Zas and Lihteh Wu

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:57

    Content type: Original article

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  8. Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Neovascular AMD comprises 10% of all cases and can lead to devastating visual loss due to choroidal neo...

    Authors: Sruthi Arepalli and Peter K. Kaiser

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:55

    Content type: Review

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  9. To investigate the visual and anatomical outcomes associated with treat-and-extend (TAE) regimen of intravitreal (IVT) aflibercept in eyes with treatment naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvA...

    Authors: Mohamed Kamel Soliman, Nicolas Tuli, Thomas K. Lee, William A. Britton and Raman Tuli

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:54

    Content type: Original article

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  10. As intravitreal anti-VEGF injections became the mainstay of treatment for many retinal diseases, the cause of a secondary sustained elevated intraocular pressure is still unclear. The aim of our study was to s...

    Authors: Yariv Keshet, Orly Gal-Or, Michal Schaap Fogler, Karin Mimouni, Meydan Ben Ishai, Dov Weinberger and Assaf Dotan

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:53

    Content type: Original article

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  12. To present a series of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) cases showing internal limiting membrane detachment (ILMD) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to describe the possible etiopathogenes...

    Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Chaitra Jayadev, Akhila Sridharan, Arpitha Pereira, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Jophy Philip Cherry, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Jay Chhablani

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:51

    Content type: Original article

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  13. Patients with 13q-syndrome are at risk of retinoblastoma when the RB1 gene, located in the chromosomal band 13q14.2, is deleted. This syndrome is frequently associated with congenital malformations and developmen...

    Authors: Pablo Gargallo, Silvestre Oltra, Julia Balaguer, Honorio Barranco, Yania Yáñez, Vanessa Segura, Antonio Juan-Ribelles, Inés Calabria, Margarita Llavador, Victoria Castel and Adela Cañete

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:50

    Content type: Case report

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  14. The challenge of COVID-19 has rapidly changed medical management worldwide. The relatively small time from pandemic to vaccines regulatory approval triggered a race toward vaccines development. However, import...

    Authors: Janaína Jamile Ferreira Saraceno, Guilherme Macedo Souza, Luciana Peixoto dos Santos Finamor, Heloisa Moraes Nascimento and Rubens Belfort Jr

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:49

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

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  15. To determine the application of fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings and Behcet’s disease ocular attack score 24 (BOS24) scoring system in predicting poor visual outcome in patients with ocular Behcet’s dise...

    Authors: Narumon Keorochana, Nathamon Homchampa, Sritatath Vongkulsiri and Raveewan Choontanom

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:48

    Content type: Original article

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  16. Our study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy of 8 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas (Barrett Universal II, EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Kane and PEARL-DGS) in patients submitted...

    Authors: Diogo Hipólito-Fernandes, Maria Elisa Luís, Diogo Maleita, Pedro Gil, Vitor Maduro, Lívio Costa, Nuno Marques, João Branco and Nuno Alves

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:47

    Content type: Original article

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  17. The aim of this article is to report the presence of choroidal loculation of fluid and choroidal cavern in a case of choroidal osteoma, previously undescribed in this disease.

    Authors: Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra, Rafael Cicconi Arantes, Eduardo Ferrari Marback and Carol L Shields

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:46

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

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  18. Prenatal exposure to Cannabis is a worldwide growing problem. Although retina is part of the central nervous system, the impact of maternal Cannabis use on the retinal development and its postnatal consequence...

    Authors: Paulo Roberto Arruda Zantut, Mariana Matera Veras, Sarah Gomes Menezes Benevenutto, Angélica Mendonça Vaz Safatle, Ricardo Augusto Pecora, Victor Yuji Yariwake, Janaina Iannicelli Torres, Gustavo Sakuno, Marco Antonio Garcia Martins, Aline Adriana Bolzan, Walter Yukihiko Takahashi, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva and Francisco Max Damico

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:45

    Content type: Original article

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  19. The idea to use smartphone for fundus photography was put forward in 2010. Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic development in this field. This narrative review focuses on the principle of smartphon...

    Authors: Usama Iqbal

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:44

    Content type: Review

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  20. To develop and validate a questionnaire for the investigation of non-adherence (NA) barriers in patients receiving intravitreal injection (IVT).

    Authors: Sabrina Müller, Sophia Junker, Thomas Wilke, Albrecht Lommatzsch, Alexander K. Schuster, Hakan Kaymak, Christoph Ehlken and Focke Ziemssen

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:43

    Content type: Original article

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  21. The aim of this paper is to present a novel bimanual double aspiration technique to avoid intraoperative giant tear slippage. The major problem of giant retinal tears (GRT) surgery is the mobility of the poste...

    Authors: Javier Placeres Daban, Daniel Artieda García, Sebastian Yaluff Portilla and José Isidro Belda Sanchís

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:42

    Content type: Original article

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  22. To report a case of unilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) in a Hispanic convalescent COVID-19 female patient.

    Authors: Francisco Olguín-Manríquez, Linda Cernichiaro-Espinosa, Arturo Olguín-Manríquez, Rebeca Manríquez-Arias, Erick Omar Flores-Villalobos and Perla Ayumi Kawakami-Campos

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:41

    Content type: Case report

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  23. Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is a common retinal disease in the elderly population. The exact pathogenesis of iERM is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between aqueous flar...

    Authors: Yasuko Ikegami, Jiro Numaga, Saori Ue and Tomohiro Sano

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:40

    Content type: Original article

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  24. To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil (SO) tamponade with or without encircling scleral band for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in children with buphthalmos.

    Authors: Hammouda Hamdy Ghoraba, Sameh Mohamed El Gouhary, Ali Ahmed Ali Ghali, Mohamed Ahmed Abdelhafez, Adel Galal Zaky, Mahmoud Leila, Mohamed Amin Heikal and Hosam Othman Mansour

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:39

    Content type: Original article

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  25. The purpose of the current study is to report the anatomical and functional results of off-label human amniotic membrane graft as primary intervention to repair large to giant macular holes and in reoperations...

    Authors: Magno A. Ferreira, André Maia, André J. Machado, Raquel E. A. Ferreira, Luiz Felipe Hagemann, Pedro Hélio E. Ribeiro Júnior and Flávio A. Rezende

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:38

    Content type: Original article

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  26. Intraocular inflammation is an uncommon but potentially vision-threatening adverse event related to anti-VEGF therapy. This is of increasing importance given both the volume of injections performed, as well as...

    Authors: William J. Anderson, Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz, Luiz Henrique Lima, Geoffrey G. Emerson, Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues and Gustavo Barreto Melo

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:37

    Content type: Review

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  27. To analyze the relationship between the central foveal thickness (CFT) and the integrity of the ellipsoid portion of inner segments (EPIS) and interdigitating zone (IZ) retinal layers in the visual outcome of ...

    Authors: Carlos Alvarez-Guzman, Andres Bustamante-Arias, Maria F. Colorado-Zavala and Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:36

    Content type: Original article

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  28. The main purpose of this study is to compare the vitreous hemorrhage (VH) score reduction and visual acuity outcomes in patients with VH secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated with intra...

    Authors: Danilo Moyses Jorge, José Edísio da Silva Tavares Neto, Omero Benedicto Poli-Neto, Ingrid U. Scott and Rodrigo Jorge

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:35

    Content type: Original article

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  29. Pemigatinib is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), recently approved for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. FGFR retinopathy is a newly recognized entity, with only two other FGFR i...

    Authors: Oleg Alekseev, Effy Ojuok and Scott Cousins

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:34

    Content type: Case report

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  30. Fibrin glue is an absorbable blood-derived product, a biological tissue adhesive which imitates the final stages of the coagulation cascade, it produces a firm clot, forming a seal along the whole length of th...

    Authors: Gabriela Lopezcarasa-Hernandez, Jose-Francisco Perez-Vazquez, Jose-Luis Guerrero-Naranjo and Maria A. Martinez-Castellanos

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:33

    Content type: Original article

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  31. To compare imaging modalities for visualizing primary epiretinal membrane (ERM) with each other and with intraoperative digital images (IDI) after blue staining.

    Authors: Elise Philippakis, Raphaël Thouvenin, Sarra Gattoussi, Aude Couturier and Ramin Tadayoni

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:32

    Content type: Original article

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  32. The surgical indication for lamellar macular holes (LMH) is controversial due to a misclassification of different macular diseases. A consensus based on an optical coherence tomography (OCT) definition has rec...

    Authors: Ismael Chehaibou, Elise Philippakis, Valérie Mané, Carlo Lavia, Aude Couturier, Alain Gaudric and Ramin Tadayoni

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:31

    Content type: Original article

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  33. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual impairment in people aged 20–65 years and can go undetected until vision is irreversibly lost. There is a nee...

    Authors: David S. Boyer, Joerg F. Rippmann, Michael S. Ehrlich, Remko A. Bakker, Victor Chong and Quan Dong Nguyen

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:30

    Content type: Review

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  34. The following is a response to the recent review article by Girsang and colleagues (Int J Retina Vitreous. 2020;6:46), who describe concept and application of relaxing radial retinectomy for retinal detachment...

    Authors: Anna Grabowska, James E. Neffendorf and Tom H. Williamson

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:29

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

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  36. To report a case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with a history of choroidal melanoma, with metastases to the pancreas, liver, and central nervous system.

    Authors: Aluisio Rosa Gameiro Filho, Guilherme Sturzeneker, Ever Ernesto Caso Rodriguez, André Maia, Melina Correia Morales and Rubens N. Belfort

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:27

    Content type: Case report

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  37. Despite the good outcomes achieved with intravitreal angiogenic therapy, a subset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients experience resistance to therapy after repeated injections. Swit...

    Authors: Mohamed A. Hamid, Nizar S. Abdelfattah, Jamshid Salamzadeh, Sahar T. A. Abdelaziz, Ahmed M. Sabry, Khaled M. Mourad, Azza A. Shehab and Baruch D. Kuppermann

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:26

    Content type: Original article

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  38. Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are visually debilitating conditions that affect families worldwide. They require extensive clinical testing, examination, and patient and family counseling, which are frequen...

    Authors: Ahmad Al-Moujahed, Aarushi Kumar, Teja Chemudupati, Stephen H. Tsang and Vinit B. Mahajan

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:25

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

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  39. Razumab™ (world’s first biosimilar ranibizumab) is approved for several macular disorders including wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of biosimilar ranibizumab in...

    Authors: Shashikant Sharma, Vishali Gupta, Aniruddha Maiti, Sribhargava Natesh, Sandeep Saxena, Vivek Dave, Vimal Parmar, Raju Sampangi, Hemanth Murthy, Sandhya Dharwadkar, Naresh Kumar Yadav, Shrinivas Joshi, Rahul Mayor, Dhanashree Ratra, Soumyava Basu, Neha Goel…

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:24

    Content type: Original article

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  40. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) release after anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) and to evaluate further changes in outc...

    Authors: Carlos E. Veloso, Daniel N. Brocchi, Rishi P. Singh and Márcio B. Nehemy

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:23

    Content type: Original article

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  41. Endolaser probes have been designed and sold for single-use only. However, in Brazil, they are not included in the list of single-use medical products that are prohibited from being reprocessed and could poten...

    Authors: Leandro Cabral Zacharias, Lívia da Silva Conci, Bianca Partezani Megnis, Janaina Guerra Falabretti, Taurino dos Santos Rodrigues Neto, Epitácio Dias da Silva Neto, Rony Carlos Preti, Leonardo Proveti Cunha and Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:22

    Content type: Original article

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  42. To report four cases with interesting anatomical presentations of multilayer macular hemorrhages with preretinal hemorrhage possibly preventing subretinal involvement of the macular area.

    Authors: Priscila A. Nascimento, Cristina N. Carbajo, Luisa S. M. Mendonça, Juliana T. Okimoto, Bogdan C. M. Barros and Julio Z. Abucham-Neto

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:21

    Content type: Case report

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  43. To evaluate the impact of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on the quality of life (QoL) in a Brazilian population using The National Eye Institute-Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25).

    Authors: Alicia Buffoni Roque, Géssica Fernandes da Silva Borges, Ricardo Yuji Abe, Osias Francisco de Souza, Maria Cecília Machado, Tamara Ferreira, Newton Kara José and José Paulo Cabral de Vasconcellos

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:20

    Content type: Original article

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  44. To evaluate the contribution of large-cube 30° × 25° optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the characterization of diabetic macular edema (DME) by assessing its extent and the presence of additional retinal ed...

    Authors: Amir Mahdjoubi, Youcef Bousnina, Fatma-Samia Bendib, Faiza Bensmaine, Wafa Idlefqih, Sadri Chahed and Amina Ghezzaz

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:19

    Content type: Original article

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  45. The management of an outbreak of endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal bevacizumab represents a challenging real-time process involving identification of cases, treatment and mitigation measures during ...

    Authors: Alexander C. Barnes, Stephen L. Rathbun, Sanjana Kuthyar, G. Baker Hubbard III, Chris Bergstrom, Steven Yeh and Mohan N. Iyer

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:18

    Content type: Original article

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  46. To explore the association of clinical characteristics and retinal microstructural features on optical coherence tomography in predicting 1-year visual response following intravitreal bevacizumab injections in...

    Authors: Janejit Choovuthayakorn, Apichat Tantraworasin, Phichayut Phinyo, Jayanton Patumanond, Paradee Kunavisarut, Titipol Srisomboon, Pawara Winaikosol, Direk Patikulsila, Voraporn Chaikitmongkol, Nawat Watanachai and Kessara Pathanapitoon

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:17

    Content type: Original article

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  48. To evaluate changes in anterior segment morphology on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without tamponade.

    Authors: Alireza Khodabande, Massood Mohammadi, Hamid Riazi-Esfahani, Shahab Karami, Massood Mirghorbani and Bobeck S. Modjtahedi

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:15

    Content type: Original article

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  49. Acute post-cataract endophthalmitis (APE) is a rare complication potentially causing irreversible visual loss. A 10-year study of APE was conducted to determine its incidence, microbiological spectra and antib...

    Authors: Juliana Mika Kato, Tatiana Tanaka, Luiza Manhezi Shin de Oliveira, Maura Salaroli de Oliveira, Flavia Rossi, Mauro Goldbaum, Sergio Luis Gianotti Pimentel, João Nóbrega de Almeida Junior and Joyce Hisae Yamamoto

    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:14

    Content type: Original article

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