Articles

Outer retina changes on optical coherence tomography in vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States and can be missed in patients with malabsorption syndromes without a high dose of suspicion. Ocular complications of hypovitaminosis A include xerosis and nyct...

Authors: Meghan K. Berkenstock, Charles J. Castoro and Andrew R. Carey

Efficacy of nanosecond laser treatment in central serous chorioretinopathy with and without atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium

To evaluate the outcomes of subthreshold nanosecond laser treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) as a function of the severity of concomitant of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects.

Authors: Hakan Kaymak, Saskia Funk, Andreas Fricke, Roxana Fulga, Karsten Klabe, Berthold Seitz, Achim Langenbucher and Hartmut Schwahn

Evaluating diurnal variations in retinal perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive tool for imaging and quantifying the retinal and choroidal vasculature as well as perfusion state in healthy eyes. Choroidal perfusion is subje...

Authors: Felix Rommel, Matthias Rothe, Maximilian Kurz, Michelle Prasuhn, Salvatore Grisanti and Mahdy Ranjbar

Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis mimicking acute retinal necrosis associated with local corticosteroid

The cases discussed highlight the atypical presentation and diagnostic dilemmas of toxoplasmosis with fulminant retinal necrosis and the potentially devastating visual outcomes of toxoplasma chorioretinitis fo...

Authors: Jason N. Crosson, Sanjana Kuthyar, Jessica G. Shantha, Matthew R. Debiec, Philip W. Laird, Cindy S. Hwang, Hans E. Grossniklaus and Steven Yeh

Proposed algorithm during COVID-19 pandemic for patient management in medical retina clinic

Authors: Paolo Corazza, Francesco Maria D’Alterio and Saad Younis

Choroidal nevus and polypoidal vasculopathy: case series

To report an association between choroidal nevus and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in three patients.

Authors: Karlos Ítalo S. Viana, Pedro F. Dalgalarrondo, Zelia Correa and Rodrigo Jorge

New Frontiers in Retina: highlights of the 2020 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium

We summarize the most important findings presented at the 2020 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium in five topic areas: (1) epidemiology of retinal vascular disease and macular degeneration; (2)...

Authors: Carmen A. Puliafito and Charles C. Wykoff

Short-term results of early switch from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept in poor or non responder age related macular degeneration in clinical practice

To evaluate the change in best corrected visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) following treatment with intravitreal aflibercept (AFL) in patients poorly responders or non responders to ranibi...

Authors: Luciana de Sá Quirino-Makarczyk, Maria de Fátima Sainz Ugarte, Bruna Viana Vieira, Sérgio Kniggendorf and Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri

Evaluation of primary internal limiting membrane peeling in cases with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) have been reported after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) can prevent post-PPV ERM formation ...

Authors: Mohamed Esmail Abdullah, Hossam Eldeen Mohammad Moharram, Ahmed Shawkat Abdelhalim, Khaled Mohamed Mourad and Mohamed Farouk Abdelkader

Intraoperative optical coherence tomographic findings in patients undergoing subretinal gene therapy surgery

To analyze intraoperative OCT (iOCT) findings during subretinal gene therapy.

Authors: Huber M. Vasconcelos Jr., Brandon J. Lujan, Mark E. Pennesi, Paul Yang and Andreas K. Lauer

Test–retest variability of microperimetry in geographic atrophy

Microperimetry (MP) allows for measurement of retinal sensitivity at precise locations and is now commonly employed as a clinical trial endpoint. Test–retest reliability is important when evaluating treatment ...

Authors: A. Yasin Alibhai, Nihaal Mehta, Sheila Hickson-Curran, Carlos Moreira-Neto, Emily S. Levine, Elias Reichel, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Neurodegeneration in systemic lupus erythematosus: layer by layer retinal study using optical coherence tomography

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune and multisystemic disease. Recent studies with functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive tests report an unexpectedly high f...

Authors: Arnaldo Dias-Santos, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Sofia Pinheiro, João Paulo Cunha, Marta Alves, Ana L. Papoila, Maria Francisca Moraes-Fontes and Rui Proença

The effect of scleral buckling on accommodative amplitude

To evaluate the effect of scleral buckling on accommodative amplitude.

Authors: Nazanin Ebrahimiadib, Narges Hassanpoor, Mohammadreza Niyousha and Bobeck Seyed Modjtahedi

Hemorrhagic complications associated with suprachoroidal buckling

Multiple surgical techniques exist for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD). Suprachoroidal buckling (SCB), consisting of injecting viscoelastic material in the suprachoroidal space to allow ...

Authors: Fares Antaki, Ali Dirani, Marina Ravagnani Ciongoli, David H. W. Steel and Flavio Rezende

Intrusion of episcleral buckles: report of two cases and brief review

The authors report two cases of the scleral buckles intrusion and erosion that presented many years after primary surgery with vitreous haemorrhage in one of them. Although the erosion/intrusion of a silicone ...

Authors: Mohammad Zarei, Alireza Mahmoudi, Abdollah Hadi and Hamid Riazi-Esfahani

Topographic analysis of macular choriocapillaris flow deficits in diabetic retinopathy using swept–source optical coherence tomography angiography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and macular choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit percentage (FD %) in different macular regions using swept...

Authors: Isaac Gendelman, A. Yasin Alibhai, Eric M. Moult, Emily S. Levine, Phillip X. Braun, Nihaal Mehta, Yi Zhao, Akihiro Ishibazawa, Osama A. Sorour, Caroline R. Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Elias Reichel, James G. Fujimoto, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Treatment of large, chronic and persistent macular hole with internal limiting membrane transposition and tuck technique

Large, chronic full thickness macular holes which failed previous treatments are difficult to manage and even left untreated due to poor prognosis. A retrospective review of consecutive cases with chronic (at ...

Authors: Nicholas S. K. Fung, Anthony K. H. Mak, Rachel Yiu, Ian Y. H. Wong and Wai Ching Lam

Diversity in optical coherence tomography normative databases: moving beyond race

Normative databases of optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics, such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness, are critical to clinical use of OCT imaging. In order to accurately represent ...

Authors: Nihaal Mehta and Nadia K. Waheed

Impact of manual correction over automated segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography

To study the automated segmentation of retinal layers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the impact of manual correction over segmentation mistakes.

Authors: Alexandre Gomes Bortoloti de Azevedo, Guilherme Eiichi da Silva Takitani, Bruno Rebello Godoy, Bruna Ferraço Marianelli, Vinicius Saraiva, Ivan Maynart Tavares and Luiz Roisman

Objective assessment of YAG laser vitreolysis in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters

To objectively evaluate YAG laser vitreolysis for symptomatic vitreous floaters using color photo imaging.

Authors: Carlos E. Souza, Luiz H. Lima, Heloísa Nascimento, Claudio Zett and Rubens Belfort Jr

Intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in diabetic vitreous hemorrhage

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) in the management of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in eyes with previously lasered proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Authors: Ahmad M. Mansour, Mohammed Ashraf, Khalil M. El Jawhari, Michel Farah, Ahmed Souka, Chintan Sarvaiya, Sumit Randhir Singh, Alay Banker and Jay Chhablani

Artificial intelligence, robotics and eye surgery: are we overfitted?

Eye surgery, specifically retinal micro-surgery involves sensory and motor skill that approaches human boundaries and physiological limits for steadiness, accuracy, and the ability to detect the small forces i...

Authors: Müller G. Urias, Niravkumar Patel, Changyan He, Ali Ebrahimi, Ji Woong Kim, Iulian Iordachita and Peter L. Gehlbach

Comparison of montage with conventional stereoscopic seven-field photographs for assessment of ETDRS diabetic retinopathy severity

The ETDRS stereoscopic seven-field (7F) has been a standard imaging and grading protocol for assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity score in many clinical trials. To the best of our knowledge, the co...

Authors: Nam V. Nguyen, Erin M. Vigil, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad S. Halim, Sean C. Baluyot, Hugo A. Guzman, Rubbia Afridi, Diana V. Do and Yasir J. Sepah

Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence report of outliers based on international screening guidelines

The objective of this study is to report the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) outliers that fall outside the screening guidelines of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in our country.

Authors: Juan Carlos Romo-Aguas, Ana González-H.León, Miroslava Paolah Meraz-Gutiérrez and María A. Martínez-Castellanos

Antibiotics and antifungals in silicone oil

Antimicrobials may be injected into silicone oil-filled eyes with endophthalmitis, but the interaction with oil is unclear. The purpose of the experiment is to determine whether vancomycin, amikacin, and ampho...

Authors: Ella H. Leung and J. Timothy Stout

Widefield imaging of retinal and choroidal tumors

Wide-field imaging plays an increasingly important role in ocular oncology clinics. The purpose of this review is to describe the commonly used wide-field imaging devices and review conditions seen in ocular o...

Authors: Natalia F. Callaway and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya

Application of wide-field infrared reflectance imaging in retinoschisis, retinal detachments, and schisis detachments

Retinoschisis and retinal detachment are distinguished based on features in clinical examination. Even to skilled examiners, some cases may be diagnostic challenges. Infrared and wide-angle infrared reflectanc...

Authors: Himanshu K. Banda, Anjali Shah and Gaurav K. Shah

Wide-field imaging of sickle retinopathy

Wide-field imaging is a newer retinal imaging technology, capturing up to 200 degrees of the retina in a single photograph. Individuals with sickle cell retinopathy commonly exhibit peripheral retinal ischemia...

Authors: Marguerite O. Linz and Adrienne W. Scott

Wide field retinal imaging and the detection of drug associated retinal toxicity

To describe the peripheral retinal findings associated with systemic medication toxicity and to outline the importance of ultra-widefield imaging in the detection, analysis and monitoring of these abnormalities.

Authors: Giulia Corradetti, Sara Violanti, Adrian Au and David Sarraf

Wide-field fundus autofluorescence imaging in patients with hereditary retinal degeneration: a literature review

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) refers to a heterogenous group of progressive diseases that cause death of photoreceptor cells and subsequent vision loss. These diseases often affect the peripheral retina...

Authors: Akio Oishi, Manabu Miyata, Shogo Numa, Yuki Otsuka, Maho Oishi and Akitaka Tsujikawa

Clinic-based ultra-wide field retinal imaging in a pediatric population

Pediatric retinal disorders, although uncommon, can be challenging to assess in the clinic setting and often requires an exam under anesthesia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of ultra-wide fi...

Authors: Nikisha Kothari, Stacy Pineles, David Sarraf, Federico Velez, Gad Heilweil, Gary Holland, Colin A. McCannel, Tania Onclinx, Tara A. McCannel, SriniVas R. Sadda, Steven D. Schwartz and Irena Tsui

Wide-field imaging in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. For decades, 7-field 30-degree fundus imaging has been the gold standard for DR classification. The aim of this review article i...

Authors: T. Y. Alvin Liu and J. Fernando Arevalo

Wide-field angiography in retinal vein occlusions

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. It can result in significant visual loss from complications like macula edema, retinal and iris neova...

Authors: Colin S. Tan, Kelvin Z. Li and SriniVas R. Sadda

Traumatic submacular hemorrhage: available treatment options and synthesis of the literature

Sub-macular hemorrhage (SMH) is a hematic collection between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium; one of its causes is ocular blunt trauma, that usually affects young patients. Persistin...

Authors: Giamberto Casini, Pasquale Loiudice, Martina Menchini, Francesco Sartini, Stefano De Cillà, Michele Figus and Marco Nardi

Changes in retinal and choriocapillaris density in diabetic patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment using optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables detailed, non-invasive assessment of ocular vasculature. This study uses OCTA imaging to evaluate choriocapillaris and retinal capillary perfusion densit...

Authors: Felipe F. Conti, Weilin Song, Eduardo B. Rodrigues and Rishi P. Singh

Anterior hyaloid membrane dissection using the conventional surgical microscope: a novel surgical approach in 2 patients

To describe the dissection and removal of the anterior hyaloid membrane using the conventional surgical microscope.

Authors: Radwan S. Ajlan and Joey Luvisi

Six-year epidemiological analysis of post traumatic endophthalmitis in a Brazilian hospital

To evaluate the epidemiology of endophthalmitis cases related to ocular trauma, including visual acuity during and 1 year after trauma, source of trauma and method of treatment.

Authors: Luis Filipe Nakayama, Vinicius Campos Bergamo and Nilva Simeren Bueno de Moraes

Relationship between retinal vessel tortuosity and oxygenation in sickle cell retinopathy

Reduced retinal vascular oxygen (O₂) content causes tissue hypoxia and may lead to development of vision-threatening pathologies. Since increased vessel tortuosity is an early sign for some hypoxia-implicated ret...

Authors: Maziyar M. Khansari, Sarah L. Garvey, Shayan Farzad, Yonggang Shi and Mahnaz Shahidi

Resistive index of central retinal artery is a bioimaging biomarker for severity of diabetic retinopathy

The present study was undertaken to assess the resistive index (RI) of central retinal artery (CRA) as a bioimaging biomarker for the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), for the first time.

Authors: Manila Khatri, Sandeep Saxena, Manoj Kumar, Apjit Kaur Chabbra, Shashi K. Bhasker, Ece Isin Akduman, Hang Pham and Levent Akduman

Serum vitamin D is a biomolecular biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Vitamin D is a multi-functional fat-soluble metabolite essential for a vast number of physiological processes. Non-classical functions are gaining attention because of the close association of vitamin D defici...

Authors: Gauhar Nadri, Sandeep Saxena, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Apjit Kaur, Md. Kaleem Ahmad, Pragati Garg and Carsten H. Meyer

The effect of image quality on the reliability of OCT angiography measurements in patients with diabetes

This study aimed to determine the relationship between image quality and measurement repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with non-proliferative diabetic reti...

Authors: Cecília Czakó, Lilla István, Mónika Ecsedy, Zsuzsa Récsán, Gábor Sándor, Fruzsina Benyó, Hajnalka Horváth, András Papp, Miklós Resch, Ágnes Borbándy, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy and Illés Kovács

In vitro differentiation of cGMP-grade retinal pigmented epithelium from human embryonic stem cells

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of individuals who lose their vision due to retinal degeneration is expected to reach 6 million annually in 2020. The retinal degenerative diseases...

Authors: Fernando H. Lojudice, Rodrigo A. Brant Fernandes, Francesco Innocenti, Carlos E. Franciozi, Priscila Cristovam, Maurício Maia, Mari C. Sogayar and Rubens Belfort Jr

Inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique for large macular hole: a microperimetric study

Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM)-flap technique would seem to lead to higher closure rate and better visual acuity than traditional procedure with ILM peeling for the treatment of large macular hole (...

Authors: Giancarlo Sborgia, Alfredo Niro, Alessandra Sborgia, Valeria Albano, Tiziana Tritto, Luigi Sborgia, Valentina Pastore, Rossella Donghia, Ermete Giancipoli, Nicola Recchimurzo, Francesco Boscia and Giovanni Alessio

Choroidal granuloma caused by Mycobacterium Fortuitum

To report a case of a chronic steroid user male patient who developed local abscesses caused by M. fortuitum and concomitant asymptomatic choroidal granuloma.

Authors: João Pinto da Silva Neto, Kyra Nhayanna Coutinho Machado and Luiz Roisman

Diffuse uveitis and chorioretinal changes after yellow fever vaccination: a re-emerging epidemic

With increasing incidence of yellow fever, mass campaign vaccinations are underway and little ophthalmological alterations have been reported in literature, specially regarding non-combined vaccines.

Authors: Paula M. Marinho, Heloisa Nascimento, Andre Romano, Cristina Muccioli and Rubens Belfort Jr.

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor is a biomolecular biomarker of severity of diabetic retinopathy

Elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Serum VEGF levels correlate with vitreous levels. Neuroretinal changes occur even before the appea...

Authors: Sukriti Ahuja, Sandeep Saxena, Levent Akduman, Carsten H. Meyer, Peter Kruzliak and Vinay K. Khanna

In vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus

To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of a new formulation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus (LES).

Authors: Murilo Batista Abud, Ricardo Noguera Louzada, David Leonardo Cruvinel Isaac, Leonardo Gomes Souza, Ricardo Gomes dos Reis, Eliana Martins Lima and Marcos Pereira de Ávila

Prevalence of silicone oil droplets in eyes treated with intravitreal injection

To assess the number of eyes with silicone oil in the vitreous after intravitreal injection.

Authors: Gustavo Barreto Melo, Celso de Souza Dias Junior, Fábio Barreto Morais, Alexandre Lima Cardoso, Ana Galrão Almeida Figueiredo, Acácio Alves Souza Lima Filho, Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues, Geoffrey Guy Emerson and Maurício Maia

Neovessel as first manifestation of relapse of associated multifocal choroiditis and MEWDS

To report a case of multifocal choroiditis (MC) that has relapsed as choroidal neovascularization in the contralateral eye followed by a mixed aspect of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) and MC.

Authors: Eduardo Morizot and Camila Schiavo Froner

Short-term eplerenone for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy; a prospective study

Increased mineralocorticoid activity is one of the plausible causes of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and mineralocorticoid inhibitors such as eplerenone have been investigated as its potentia...

Authors: Hamid-Reza Moein, Lauren W. Bierman, Eduardo A. Novais, Carlos Moreira-Neto, Caroline R. Baumal, Adam Rogers, Jay S. Duker and André J. Witkin