Articles

Reliability of foveal avascular zone measurements in eyes with retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography angiography

To evaluate the reliability of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Authors: Bruno Mauricio Rodrigues de Oliveira, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Bruno Rebello de Godoy, Alexandre Gomes Bortoloti de Azevedo, Flavio Eduardo Hirai and Somaia Mitne

Unilateral morning glory disc anomaly in a patient with prenatal Zika virus exposure

To report a case of morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) in a pediatric patient with prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure.

Authors: Sofía M. Muns, Mónica P. González, Victor M. Villegas, Gabriela de la Vega, Camila V. Ventura and Audina M. Berrocal

Endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy vs. vitrectomy alone: comparative study in complex retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Recurrent retinal detachment (RD) is still a widespread event despite the therapeutic options available. Proliferative vitreoretinopoathy (PVR) is one of the main causes of redetachment. Little is known about ...

Authors: Flavio A. Rezende, Natalia Vila and Emmanouil Rampakakis

Successful growth of fresh retinoblastoma cells in chorioallantoic membrane

The authors developed a retinoblastoma model using fresh harvested cells from an enucleated eye that were transplanted in chick embryos (chorioallantoic membrane model). The transplanted embryos were treated w...

Authors: Silvia L. Fialho, Bárbara R. Silvestrini, Juliana Vieira, Mayara R. B. Paiva, Luciana M. Silva, Fernando Chahud, Armando Silva-Cunha, Zelia M. Correa and Rodrigo Jorge

Safety and tolerability evaluation after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white rabbits

To evaluate the retinal toxicity after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit eyes.

Authors: Leopoldo Baiza-Durán, Alejandra Sánchez-Ríos, Joel González-Barón, Oscar Olvera-Montaño, Elba Correa-Gallegos, Andrea Navarro-Sánchez and Patricia Muñoz-Villegas

Identification of epiretinal proliferation in various retinal diseases and vitreoretinal interface disorders

To describe the presence of epiretinal proliferation in eyes with various retinal and vitreoretinal interface conditions.

Authors: Ismael Chehaibou, Moritz Pettenkofer, Andrea Govetto, Gilad Rabina, SriniVas R. Sadda and Jean-Pierre Hubschman

New findings useful for clinical practice using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in the follow-up of active ocular toxoplasmosis

Ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of intraocular inflammation and posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. This paper aims to investigate swept-source optical coherence tomography ang...

Authors: João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Camila Campelo, Eduardo Amorim Novais, Gabriel Costa de Andrade, Paula Marinho, Yusláy Fernández Zamora, Luciana Finamor Peixoto, Maurício Maia, Heloísa Nascimento and Rubens Belfort Jr.

Pharmacological agents in development for diabetic macular edema

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy. There has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of DME since the advent of anti-vascular endothelial gro...

Authors: Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Muhammad Hassan, Neil Onghanseng, Irmak Karaca, Aniruddha Agarwal, Rubbia Afridi, Yasir J. Sepah, Diana V. Do and Quan Dong Nguyen

Morphology of partial-thickness macular defects: presumed roles of Müller cells and tissue layer interfaces of low mechanical stability

The pathogenesis of partial-thickness macular defects and the role of Müller glial cells in the development of such defects are not well understood. We document the morphological characteristics of various typ...

Authors: Andreas Bringmann, Jan Darius Unterlauft, Renate Wiedemann, Matus Rehak and Peter Wiedemann

Surgical management of submacular hemorrhage due to n-AMD: a comparison of three surgical methods

To compare and assess the efficacy of three surgical methods for the treatment of acute submacular hemorrhage (ASH): pneumatic displacement with C2F6, in combination with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab ...

Authors: Carsten Grohmann, Spyridon Dimopoulos, Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Philipp Schindler, Toam Katz, Martin S. Spitzer and Christos Skevas

Optical coherence tomography angiography using the black-and-white pixel binarization histogram software: a new technique for evaluating healing of macular holes in two surgical techniques

Many factors can influence the functional outcomes of macular hole surgery and some studies have tried to describe anatomical features that could predict successful treatment. The purpose of this study is to d...

Authors: Oswaldo Ferreira Moura Brasil, Mariana Kawamuro, Denise Pardini Marinho, Bruna Trench Maia, Murilo Ubukata Polizelli, Gabriel Pipolo, Natalia Trench Maia, Rodrigo Dompieri, Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz and Mauricio Maia

Optical coherence tomography features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness due to diabetic macular edema (DME) or complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive i...

Authors: Sara Vaz-Pereira, Tiago Morais-Sarmento and Raquel Esteves Marques

Reducing instruments in a vitrectomy surgical tray: cost savings and results from a major academic hospital

Unused or rarely used instruments in standard surgical trays can unnecessarily increase costs. Prior studies have demonstrated the practicality and cost savings of reduced instrument tray sizes in various subs...

Authors: Jacob D. Grodsky, Christos N. Theophanous, Sidney A. Schechet, Peter B. Veldman and Seenu M. Hariprasad

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy without preoperative pan-retinal photocoagulation is associated with higher levels of intravitreal IL-6 and postoperative inflammation

Intravitreal cytokine levels and differences in the severity of postoperative inflammation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were compared between subjects treated with pan-retinal phot...

Authors: Yukihiko Suzuki, Kobu Adachi, Natsuki Maeda, Reiko Tanabu, Takashi Kudo and Mitsuru Nakazawa

Visual and anatomic outcomes of sustained single agent anti-VEGF treatment versus double anti-VEGF switching in the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema

To compare the anatomical and visual outcomes in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after initial anti-VEGF therapy that were retreated continuously with the same anti-VEGF drug versus those tha...

Authors: Osama A. Sorour, Keke Liu, Nihaal Mehta, Phillip Braun, Isaac Gendelman, Elsayed Nassar, Caroline R. Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Outer retina changes on optical coherence tomography in vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States and can be missed in patients with malabsorption syndromes without a high dose of suspicion. Ocular complications of hypovitaminosis A include xerosis and nyct...

Authors: Meghan K. Berkenstock, Charles J. Castoro and Andrew R. Carey

Efficacy of nanosecond laser treatment in central serous chorioretinopathy with and without atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium

To evaluate the outcomes of subthreshold nanosecond laser treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) as a function of the severity of concomitant of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects.

Authors: Hakan Kaymak, Saskia Funk, Andreas Fricke, Roxana Fulga, Karsten Klabe, Berthold Seitz, Achim Langenbucher and Hartmut Schwahn

Evaluating diurnal variations in retinal perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive tool for imaging and quantifying the retinal and choroidal vasculature as well as perfusion state in healthy eyes. Choroidal perfusion is subje...

Authors: Felix Rommel, Matthias Rothe, Maximilian Kurz, Michelle Prasuhn, Salvatore Grisanti and Mahdy Ranjbar

Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis mimicking acute retinal necrosis associated with local corticosteroid

The cases discussed highlight the atypical presentation and diagnostic dilemmas of toxoplasmosis with fulminant retinal necrosis and the potentially devastating visual outcomes of toxoplasma chorioretinitis fo...

Authors: Jason N. Crosson, Sanjana Kuthyar, Jessica G. Shantha, Matthew R. Debiec, Philip W. Laird, Cindy S. Hwang, Hans E. Grossniklaus and Steven Yeh

Proposed algorithm during COVID-19 pandemic for patient management in medical retina clinic

Authors: Paolo Corazza, Francesco Maria D’Alterio and Saad Younis

Choroidal nevus and polypoidal vasculopathy: case series

To report an association between choroidal nevus and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in three patients.

Authors: Karlos Ítalo S. Viana, Pedro F. Dalgalarrondo, Zelia Correa and Rodrigo Jorge

New Frontiers in Retina: highlights of the 2020 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium

We summarize the most important findings presented at the 2020 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium in five topic areas: (1) epidemiology of retinal vascular disease and macular degeneration; (2)...

Authors: Carmen A. Puliafito and Charles C. Wykoff

Short-term results of early switch from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept in poor or non responder age related macular degeneration in clinical practice

To evaluate the change in best corrected visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) following treatment with intravitreal aflibercept (AFL) in patients poorly responders or non responders to ranibi...

Authors: Luciana de Sá Quirino-Makarczyk, Maria de Fátima Sainz Ugarte, Bruna Viana Vieira, Sérgio Kniggendorf and Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri

Evaluation of primary internal limiting membrane peeling in cases with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) have been reported after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) can prevent post-PPV ERM formation ...

Authors: Mohamed Esmail Abdullah, Hossam Eldeen Mohammad Moharram, Ahmed Shawkat Abdelhalim, Khaled Mohamed Mourad and Mohamed Farouk Abdelkader

Intraoperative optical coherence tomographic findings in patients undergoing subretinal gene therapy surgery

To analyze intraoperative OCT (iOCT) findings during subretinal gene therapy.

Authors: Huber M. Vasconcelos Jr., Brandon J. Lujan, Mark E. Pennesi, Paul Yang and Andreas K. Lauer

Test–retest variability of microperimetry in geographic atrophy

Microperimetry (MP) allows for measurement of retinal sensitivity at precise locations and is now commonly employed as a clinical trial endpoint. Test–retest reliability is important when evaluating treatment ...

Authors: A. Yasin Alibhai, Nihaal Mehta, Sheila Hickson-Curran, Carlos Moreira-Neto, Emily S. Levine, Elias Reichel, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Neurodegeneration in systemic lupus erythematosus: layer by layer retinal study using optical coherence tomography

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune and multisystemic disease. Recent studies with functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive tests report an unexpectedly high f...

Authors: Arnaldo Dias-Santos, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Sofia Pinheiro, João Paulo Cunha, Marta Alves, Ana L. Papoila, Maria Francisca Moraes-Fontes and Rui Proença

The effect of scleral buckling on accommodative amplitude

To evaluate the effect of scleral buckling on accommodative amplitude.

Authors: Nazanin Ebrahimiadib, Narges Hassanpoor, Mohammadreza Niyousha and Bobeck Seyed Modjtahedi

Hemorrhagic complications associated with suprachoroidal buckling

Multiple surgical techniques exist for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD). Suprachoroidal buckling (SCB), consisting of injecting viscoelastic material in the suprachoroidal space to allow ...

Authors: Fares Antaki, Ali Dirani, Marina Ravagnani Ciongoli, David H. W. Steel and Flavio Rezende

Intrusion of episcleral buckles: report of two cases and brief review

The authors report two cases of the scleral buckles intrusion and erosion that presented many years after primary surgery with vitreous haemorrhage in one of them. Although the erosion/intrusion of a silicone ...

Authors: Mohammad Zarei, Alireza Mahmoudi, Abdollah Hadi and Hamid Riazi-Esfahani

Topographic analysis of macular choriocapillaris flow deficits in diabetic retinopathy using swept–source optical coherence tomography angiography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and macular choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit percentage (FD %) in different macular regions using swept...

Authors: Isaac Gendelman, A. Yasin Alibhai, Eric M. Moult, Emily S. Levine, Phillip X. Braun, Nihaal Mehta, Yi Zhao, Akihiro Ishibazawa, Osama A. Sorour, Caroline R. Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Elias Reichel, James G. Fujimoto, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Treatment of large, chronic and persistent macular hole with internal limiting membrane transposition and tuck technique

Large, chronic full thickness macular holes which failed previous treatments are difficult to manage and even left untreated due to poor prognosis. A retrospective review of consecutive cases with chronic (at ...

Authors: Nicholas S. K. Fung, Anthony K. H. Mak, Rachel Yiu, Ian Y. H. Wong and Wai Ching Lam

Diversity in optical coherence tomography normative databases: moving beyond race

Normative databases of optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics, such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness, are critical to clinical use of OCT imaging. In order to accurately represent ...

Authors: Nihaal Mehta and Nadia K. Waheed

Impact of manual correction over automated segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography

To study the automated segmentation of retinal layers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the impact of manual correction over segmentation mistakes.

Authors: Alexandre Gomes Bortoloti de Azevedo, Guilherme Eiichi da Silva Takitani, Bruno Rebello Godoy, Bruna Ferraço Marianelli, Vinicius Saraiva, Ivan Maynart Tavares and Luiz Roisman

Objective assessment of YAG laser vitreolysis in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters

To objectively evaluate YAG laser vitreolysis for symptomatic vitreous floaters using color photo imaging.

Authors: Carlos E. Souza, Luiz H. Lima, Heloísa Nascimento, Claudio Zett and Rubens Belfort Jr

Intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in diabetic vitreous hemorrhage

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) in the management of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in eyes with previously lasered proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Authors: Ahmad M. Mansour, Mohammed Ashraf, Khalil M. El Jawhari, Michel Farah, Ahmed Souka, Chintan Sarvaiya, Sumit Randhir Singh, Alay Banker and Jay Chhablani

Artificial intelligence, robotics and eye surgery: are we overfitted?

Eye surgery, specifically retinal micro-surgery involves sensory and motor skill that approaches human boundaries and physiological limits for steadiness, accuracy, and the ability to detect the small forces i...

Authors: Müller G. Urias, Niravkumar Patel, Changyan He, Ali Ebrahimi, Ji Woong Kim, Iulian Iordachita and Peter L. Gehlbach

Comparison of montage with conventional stereoscopic seven-field photographs for assessment of ETDRS diabetic retinopathy severity

The ETDRS stereoscopic seven-field (7F) has been a standard imaging and grading protocol for assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity score in many clinical trials. To the best of our knowledge, the co...

Authors: Nam V. Nguyen, Erin M. Vigil, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad S. Halim, Sean C. Baluyot, Hugo A. Guzman, Rubbia Afridi, Diana V. Do and Yasir J. Sepah

Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence report of outliers based on international screening guidelines

The objective of this study is to report the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) outliers that fall outside the screening guidelines of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in our country.

Authors: Juan Carlos Romo-Aguas, Ana González-H.León, Miroslava Paolah Meraz-Gutiérrez and María A. Martínez-Castellanos

Antibiotics and antifungals in silicone oil

Antimicrobials may be injected into silicone oil-filled eyes with endophthalmitis, but the interaction with oil is unclear. The purpose of the experiment is to determine whether vancomycin, amikacin, and ampho...

Authors: Ella H. Leung and J. Timothy Stout

Widefield imaging of retinal and choroidal tumors

Wide-field imaging plays an increasingly important role in ocular oncology clinics. The purpose of this review is to describe the commonly used wide-field imaging devices and review conditions seen in ocular o...

Authors: Natalia F. Callaway and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya

Application of wide-field infrared reflectance imaging in retinoschisis, retinal detachments, and schisis detachments

Retinoschisis and retinal detachment are distinguished based on features in clinical examination. Even to skilled examiners, some cases may be diagnostic challenges. Infrared and wide-angle infrared reflectanc...

Authors: Himanshu K. Banda, Anjali Shah and Gaurav K. Shah

Wide-field imaging of sickle retinopathy

Wide-field imaging is a newer retinal imaging technology, capturing up to 200 degrees of the retina in a single photograph. Individuals with sickle cell retinopathy commonly exhibit peripheral retinal ischemia...

Authors: Marguerite O. Linz and Adrienne W. Scott

Wide field retinal imaging and the detection of drug associated retinal toxicity

To describe the peripheral retinal findings associated with systemic medication toxicity and to outline the importance of ultra-widefield imaging in the detection, analysis and monitoring of these abnormalities.

Authors: Giulia Corradetti, Sara Violanti, Adrian Au and David Sarraf

Wide-field fundus autofluorescence imaging in patients with hereditary retinal degeneration: a literature review

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) refers to a heterogenous group of progressive diseases that cause death of photoreceptor cells and subsequent vision loss. These diseases often affect the peripheral retina...

Authors: Akio Oishi, Manabu Miyata, Shogo Numa, Yuki Otsuka, Maho Oishi and Akitaka Tsujikawa

Clinic-based ultra-wide field retinal imaging in a pediatric population

Pediatric retinal disorders, although uncommon, can be challenging to assess in the clinic setting and often requires an exam under anesthesia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of ultra-wide fi...

Authors: Nikisha Kothari, Stacy Pineles, David Sarraf, Federico Velez, Gad Heilweil, Gary Holland, Colin A. McCannel, Tania Onclinx, Tara A. McCannel, SriniVas R. Sadda, Steven D. Schwartz and Irena Tsui

Wide-field imaging in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. For decades, 7-field 30-degree fundus imaging has been the gold standard for DR classification. The aim of this review article i...

Authors: T. Y. Alvin Liu and J. Fernando Arevalo

Wide-field angiography in retinal vein occlusions

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. It can result in significant visual loss from complications like macula edema, retinal and iris neova...

Authors: Colin S. Tan, Kelvin Z. Li and SriniVas R. Sadda

Traumatic submacular hemorrhage: available treatment options and synthesis of the literature

Sub-macular hemorrhage (SMH) is a hematic collection between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium; one of its causes is ocular blunt trauma, that usually affects young patients. Persistin...

Authors: Giamberto Casini, Pasquale Loiudice, Martina Menchini, Francesco Sartini, Stefano De Cillà, Michele Figus and Marco Nardi

Changes in retinal and choriocapillaris density in diabetic patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment using optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables detailed, non-invasive assessment of ocular vasculature. This study uses OCTA imaging to evaluate choriocapillaris and retinal capillary perfusion densit...

Authors: Felipe F. Conti, Weilin Song, Eduardo B. Rodrigues and Rishi P. Singh