| Sterile uveitis/endophthalmitis | Delayed onset retinal vasculitis |
---|---|---|
Incidence | Bevacizumab (0.05–1.1%) Ranibizumab (0.005–1.9%) Aflibercept (0.05–2.1%) Brolucizumab (4.4%)34 | Brolucizumab (0.002–3.3%)a |
Time of onset | 1–3 days | 30–53 days (range 8–137) |
Clinical manifestations | Decreased visual acuity Anterior chamber inflammation Vitreous cavity inflammation | Decreased visual acuity Anterior chamber inflammation Vitreous cavity inflammation Vasculitis |
Final VA | Baseline VA | Mean VA loss 38 letters 46% lose > 3 lines |
Attempted management | Observation Topical steroid Oral steroid Peri-ocular steroid Vitrectomy | Topical steroid Oral steroid Peri-ocular steroid Vitrectomy |
Inflammatory mechanism | TASS-like reaction | Type III/IV Hypersensitivity |
Potential causative factors | Drug Protein aggregates Silicone oil Endotoxin | Auto-immune reaction to drug Protein aggregates Drug impurities |