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Table 2 Demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters according to renal impairment category

From: Retinal neurovascular alteration in type 2 diabetes with renal impairment in association with systemic arterial stiffness

 

Characteristics

Overall

CKD St.1–2

CKD St.3

CKD St.4–5

p-value

Adj.p-value

1

Demographic and Baseline

      
 

Age (years)

54.43 ± 9.59

53.16 ± 10.10

57.14 ± 9.03

52.41 ± 8.41

0.24

0.57

 

Sex male (n,%)

113 (42.64%)

52 (20.39%)

45 (17.65%)

12 (4.71%)

0.09

0.34

 

HT (n,%)

109 (41.13%)

47 (18.43%)

39 (15.29%)

17 (6.67%)

0.002

*0.01

 

DM Duration (years)

6.21 ± 6.37

5.01 ± 5.57

7.31 ± 7.03

9.64 ± 6.72

< 0.0001

*0.0004

 

Systolic BP (mmHg)

142.95 ± 21.68

138.77 ± 18.06

144.09 ± 21.73

160.74 ± 29.59

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

88.05 ± 11.78

86.60 ± 10.23

87.29 ± 11.67

95.70 ± 15.48

0.002

*0.01

 

Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)

25.46 ± 4.81

25.66 ± 5.14

25.56 ± 4.12

24 ± 5.57

0.19

0.57

 

Heart Rate (bpm)

78.18 ± 12.44

78.93 ± 11.14

74.69 ± 12.41

84.85 ± 16.38

0.62

0.62

2

HbA1C and Lipid Profiles

      
 

HbA1C (%)

8.44 ± 2.06

8.29 ± 2.04

8.41 ± 1.67

9.19 ± 3.03

0.08

0.33

 

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

203.11 ± 47.66

202.13 ± 45.12

206.93 ± 53.31

198.42 ± 42.38

0.91

1.00

 

HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

54.35 ± 23.75

55.27 ± 22.17

56.23 ± 27.39

42.04 ± 14.79

0.11

0.33

 

LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

124.23 ± 39.08

125.85 ± 36.37

122.59 ± 44.06

122.15 ± 38.24

0.53

1.00

 

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

160.58 ± 98.88

138.66 ± 75.36

190.84 ± 125.13

187.92 ± 88.09

0.0002

*0.001

3

Renal Function

      
 

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

66.78 ± 32.80

88.58 ± 26.74

45.27 ± 8.75

20.70 ± 7.15

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.30 ± 1.10

0.82 ± 0.22

1.45 ± 0.29

3.39 ± 2.33

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

4

Arterial Stiffness

      
 

Brachial-ankle PWV (m/s)

15.49 ± 3.07

14.68 ± 2.75

15.81 ± 2.95

18.12 ± 2.92

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

1.05 ± 0.12

1.05 ± 0.12

1.04 ± 0.13

1.08 ± 0.08

0.72

0.72

5

Ophthalmic Examination

      
 

BCVA (LogMAR)

0.19 ± 0 0.43

0.15 ± 0.41

0.23 ± 0.47

0.26 ± 0.40

0.12

0.35

 

Spheriqal Equivalent

-0.002 ± 1.72

-0.06 ± 1.77

-0.03 ± 1.76

0.41 ± 1.08

0.36

0.73

 

Intraocular Pressure (mmHg)

16.87 ± 2.90

16.70 ± 2.62

17.01 ± 2.89

16.98 ± 2.79

0.44

0.73

6

Retinal Neurovascular

      
 

Ave mGC-IPL (µm)

78.07 ± 14.17

77.6 ± 13.11

78.91 ± 13.66

75.63 ± 21.41

0.87

1.00

 

Ave RNFLt (µm)

99.16 ± 18.85

101.16 ± 18.75

97.67 ± 16.99

90.67 ± 25.29

0.01

0.09

 

Vessel Density (VD) (%)

      
 

 VD Central

8.25 ± 3.32

8.28 ± 3.33

7.99 ± 3.21

8.76 ± 3.91

0.83

1.00

 

 VD Inner

16.83 ± 2.41

17.13 ± 2.05

16.67 ± 2.74

15.52 ± 2.96

0.002

*0.01

 

 VD Outer

17.15 ± 2.09

17.49 ± 1.75

16.95 ± 2.34

15.72 ± 2.65

< 0.0001

*0.0005

 

 VD Full

16.83 ± 2.10

17.15 ± 1.75

16.64 ± 2.35

15.49 ± 2.68

0.0002

*0.001

 

Fovea Avascular Zone (FAZ)

      
 

 FAZ Area (mm2)

0.27 ± 0.13

0.28 ± 0.13

0.28 ± 0.14

0.21 ± 0.10

0.09

0.43

 

 FAZ Perimeter

2.27 ± 1.26

2.33 ± 1.59

2.26 ± 0.72

1.90 ± 0.58

0.17

0.68

 

 FAZ Circularity Index

0.68 ± 0.12

0.69 ± 0.11

0.68 ± 0.13

0.69 ± 0.08

0.71

1.00

  1. Demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters according to the severity of renal impairment. Data are expressed as an absolute number or mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval). CKD St.1–2 (eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2); CKD st.3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73m2); CKD st.4–5 (eGFR ≤ 29 ml/min/1.73m2); Ave mGC-IPLt, average macular ganglion cell -inner plexiform layer thickness; Ave RNFLt, average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FAZ, fovea avascular zone; HT, hypertension; LogMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; PWV, pulse wave velocity; VD, vessel density
  2. * significant p-value
  3. Adj.p-value: Adjusted p-value (Bonferroni Correction)
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International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

ISSN: 2056-9920

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