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Table 3 Demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters according to baPWV category

From: Retinal neurovascular alteration in type 2 diabetes with renal impairment in association with systemic arterial stiffness

 

Characteristics

Overall

baPWV≤14

baPWV > 14

p-value

Adj.p-value

1

Demographic and Baseline

     
 

Age (years)

54.43 ± 9.59

50.68 ± 10.50

56.67 ± 8.2

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Sex male (n,%)

113 (42.64%)

42 (15.85%)

71 (26.79%)

0.96

0.96

 

HT (n,%)

109 (41.13%)

22 (8.30%)

87 (32.83%)

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

DM Duration (years)

6.21 ± 6.37

5.55 ± 5.94

6.60 ± 6.59

0.19

0.39

 

Systolic BP (mmHg)

142.95 ± 21.68

129.84 ± 14.68

150.77 ± 21.43

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

88.05 ± 11.78

82.69 ± 9.92

91.24 ± 11.67

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)

25.46 ± 4.81

26.35 ± 4.89

24.94 ± 4.69

0.02

0.06

 

Heart Rate (bpm)

78.18 ± 12.44

75.36 ± 13.26

79.85 ± 11.64

0.004

*0.02

2

HbA1C and Lipid Profiles

     
 

HbA1C (%)

8.44 ± 2.06

8.36 ± 1.94

8.48 ± 2.13

0.67

1.00

 

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

203.11 ± 47.66

203.78 ± 49.95

202.68 ± 46.30

0.86

1.00

 

HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

54.35 ± 23.75

54.22 ± 22.64

54.43 ± 24.52

0.94

1.00

 

LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

124.23 ± 39.08

128.83 ± 39.57

121.34 ± 38.62

0.14

0.56

 

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

160.58 ± 98.88

141.43 ± 68.02

172.88 ± 112.91

0.01

0.07

3

Renal Function

     
 

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

66.78 ± 32.80

81.57 ± 36.96

58.01 ± 26.51

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.30 ± 1.10

0.99 ± 0.42

1.49 ± 1.32

0.0004

*0.0004

4

Arterial Stiffness

     
 

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

1.05 ± 0.12

1.04 ± 0.13

1.06 ± 0.12

0.28

0.28

5

Ophthalmic Examination

     
 

BCVA (LogMAR)

0.19 ± 0 0.43

0.10 ± 0.31

0.24 ± 0.48

0.009

*0.03

 

Spheriqal Equivalent

-0.002 ± 1.72

-0.19 ± 1.55

0.13 ± 1.82

0.24

0.47

 

Intraocular Pressure (mmHg)

16.87 ± 2.90

16.9 ± 2.79

16.84 ± 2.98

0.85

0.85

6

Retinal Neurovascular

     
 

Ave mGC-IPL (µm)

78.07 ± 14.17

79.77 ± 11.84

77.02 ± 15.37

0.12

0.48

 

Ave RNFLt (µm)

99.16 ± 18.85

97.06 ± 14.10

100.45 ± 21.20

0.17

0.49

 

Vessel Density (VD) (%)

     
 

 VD Central

8.25 ± 3.32

8.92 ± 3.22

7.85 ± 3.32

0.01

0.06

 

 VD Inner

16.83 ± 2.41

17.82 ± 1.51

16.25 ± 2.65

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

 VD Outer

17.15 ± 2.09

18.02 ± 1.47

16.62 ± 2.24

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

 VD Full

16.83 ± 2.10

17.74 ± 1.42

16.29 ± 2.26

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Fovea Avascular Zone (FAZ)

     
 

 FAZ Area (mm2)

0.27 ± 0.13

0.28 ± 0.11

0.26 ± 0.14

0.25

0.49

 

 FAZ Perimeter

2.27 ± 1.26

2.41 ± 1.83

2.18 ± 0.70

0.18

0.49

 

 FAZ Circularity Index

0.68 ± 0.12

0.71 ± 0.11

0.67 ± 0.12

0.03

0.13

  1. Demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters according to baPWV category. Data are expressed as an absolute number or mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval). Ave mGC-IPLt, average macular ganglion cell -inner plexiform layer thickness; Ave RNFLt, average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FAZ, fovea avascular zone; HT, hypertension; LogMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; PWV, pulse wave velocity; VD, vessel density
  2. * significant p-value
  3. Adj.p-value: Adjusted p-value (Bonferroni Correction)
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International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

ISSN: 2056-9920

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