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Table 4 Demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters according to ABI category

From: Retinal neurovascular alteration in type 2 diabetes with renal impairment in association with systemic arterial stiffness

 

Characteristics

Overall

Abnormal ABI

Normal ABI

p-value

Adj.p-value

1

Demographic and Baseline

     
 

Age (years)

54.43 ± 9.59

52.62 ± 7.42

54.65 ± 9.81

0.28

0.73

 

Sex male (n,%)

113 (42.64%)

6 (2.26%)

107 (40.38%)

0.01

0.07

 

HT (n,%)

109 (41.13%)

9 (3.40%)

100 (37.74%)

0.24

0.73

 

DM Duration (years)

6.21 ± 6.37

7.14 ± 6.07

6.09 ± 6.41

0.41

0.73

 

Systolic BP (mmHg)

142.95 ± 21.68

149.41 ± 32.35

142.16 ± 19.94

0.09

0.44

 

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

88.05 ± 11.78

83.21 ± 15.46

88.64 ± 11.14

0.02

0.11

 

Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)

25.46 ± 4.81

29.52 ± 7.13

24.97 ± 4.20

< 0.0001

*<0.0001

 

Heart Rate (bpm)

78.18 ± 12.44

81.38 ± 13.95

77.78 ± 12.21

0.14

0.57

2

HbA1C and Lipid Profiles

     
 

HbA1C (%)

8.44 ± 2.06

7.81 ± 1.76

8.52 ± 2.08

0.08

0.24

 

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

203.11 ± 47.66

237.86 ± 67.47

198.49 ± 42.48

< 0.0001

*0.0001

 

HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

54.35 ± 23.75

57.45 ± 29.59

53.93 ± 22.89

0.46

0.91

 

LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

124.23 ± 39.08

150.27 ± 45.55

120.79 ± 36.91

0.0001

*0.0003

 

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

160.58 ± 98.88

161.62 ± 84.85

160.44 ± 100.76

0.95

0.95

3

Renal Function

     
 

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

66.78 ± 32.80

65.48 ± 30.89

66.95 ± 33.10

0.82

1.00

 

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.30 ± 1.10

1.19 ± 0.71

1.32 ± 1.14

0.56

1.00

4

Arterial Stiffness

     
 

Brachial-ankle PWV (m/s)

15.49 ± 3.07

15 ± 4.10

15.56 ± 2.92

0.35

0.35

5

Ophthalmic Examination

     
 

BCVA (LogMAR)

0.19 ± 0.43

0.19 ± 0.41

0.19 ± 0.43

0.99

0.99

 

Spheriqal Equivalent

-0.002 ± 1.72

-0.49 ± 2.06

0.06 ± 1.66

0.17

0.33

 

Intraocular Pressure (mmHg)

16.87 ± 2.90

17.70 ± 3.47

16.77 ± 2.82

0.10

0.31

6

Retinal Neurovascular

     
 

Ave mGC-IPL (µm)

78.07 ± 14.17

79.48 ± 8.63

77.89 ± 14.72

0.57

1.00

 

Ave RNFLt (µm)

99.16 ± 18.85

97.89 ± 15.59

99.33 ± 19.28

0.70

1.00

 

Vessel Density (VD) (%)

     
 

 VD Central

8.25 ± 3.32

6.74 ± 3.29

8.43 ± 3.28

0.009

0.08

 

 VD Inner

16.83 ± 2.41

16.37 ± 2.61

16.89 ± 2.38

0.27

1.00

 

 VD Outer

17.15 ± 2.09

17.11 ± 2.49

17.15 ± 2.05

0.92

1.00

 

 VD Full

16.83 ± 2.10

16.67 ± 2.46

16.85 ± 2.06

0.67

1.00

 

Fovea Avascular Zone (FAZ)

     
 

 FAZ Area (mm2)

0.27 ± 0.13

0.32 ± 0.15

0.27 ± 0.13

0.02

0.18

 

 FAZ Perimeter

2.27 ± 1.26

2.38 ± 0.75

2.25 ± 1.31

0.61

1.00

 

 FAZ Circularity Index

0.68 ± 0.12

0.70 ± 0.12

0.68 ± 0.12

0.54

1.00

  1. Demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters according to ABI category. Data are expressed as an absolute number or mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval). ABI, ankle-brachial index; Abnormal ABI (ABI ≤ 0.90 and > 1.40); Normal ABI (ABI 0.91–1.40); Ave mGC-IPLt, average macular ganglion cell -inner plexiform layer thickness; Ave RNFLt, average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FAZ, fovea avascular zone; HT, hypertension; LogMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; PWV, pulse wave velocity; VD, vessel density
  2. * significant p-value
  3. Adj.p-value: Adjusted p-value (Bonferroni Correction)
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International Journal of Retina and Vitreous

ISSN: 2056-9920

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