Table 1 A global overview of nations with a national or partially implemented diabetic retinopathy screening program (DESP)
From: Present and future screening programs for diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review
National level of income | Nation | National or partially implemented DESP |
|---|---|---|
Low-income nations | None found | |
Lower-middle-income nations | ||
Bangladesh [26] | Partial | |
Partial | ||
Kenya [68] | Partial | |
Nepal [69] | Partial | |
Pakistan [70] | Partial | |
Peru [28] | Partial | |
Sri Lanka [71] | Partial | |
Tanzania [72] | Partial | |
Vietnam [73] | Partial | |
West Bank and Gaza [74] | Partial | |
Zambia [75] | Partial | |
Higher-middle-income nations | ||
Argentina [33] | Partial | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina [76] | Partial | |
Botswana [77] | National | |
Brazil [34] | National | |
China [78] | Partial | |
Costa Rica [29] | Partial | |
Fiji [79] | Partial | |
Lebanon [80] | Partial | |
Malaysia [81] | Partial | |
Partial | ||
South Africa [82] | Partial | |
Thailand [83] | Partial | |
High-income nations | ||
Australia [84] | Partial | |
Bahrain [85] | Partial | |
Canada [86] | Partial | |
Chile [87] | Partial | |
Croatia [35] | Partial | |
Denmark [1] | National | |
Estonia [88] | Partial | |
Finland [89] | National | |
France [90] | Partial | |
Germany [91] | Partial | |
Iceland [92] | National | |
Ireland [93] | National | |
Italy [94] | Partial | |
Malta [95] | National | |
New Zealand [96] | National | |
Norway [97] | Partial | |
Northern Ireland [98] | National | |
Portugal [99] | Partial | |
Scotland [100] | National | |
Singapore [101] | Partial | |
Slovenia [102] | National | |
South Korea [103] | Partial | |
Spain [104] | Partial | |
Partial | ||
The Netherlands [107] | Partial | |
National | ||
Partial | ||