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  1. We report three cases of refractory chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery presenting to a referral center, and with repeated negative cultures. Initial treatment consisted of intravitreal and systemic...

    Authors: Mathias Paulo Loredo e Silva, Rodrigo Magno da Silva Oliveira, Bruno Freitas Lage, Clóvis Arcoverde Freitas, Moisés Salgado Pedrosa, Márcio Bittar Nehemy and Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:18
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a high prevalence in Brazil (Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020). The ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy damage is...

    Authors: Brunella Maria Pavan Taffner, Luiz Guilherme Ito da Cruz, Flávio de Ávila Fowler, Carolynne Cardoso Nawa, Marcia Telma Savioli, Denise Silva Rodrigues, Octaviano Magalhães Junior and Rubens Belfort Junior
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:16
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  4. To measure the retinal/choroidal thicknesses in the macular area of asymptomatic pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

    Authors: Juliana Prazeres, Luiz Filipe Lucatto, Adriano Ferreira, Nilva Moraes, Josefina A. P. Braga, Luiz H. Lima, Caio Regatieri and Maurício Maia
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:15
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  5. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an exudative maculopathy with features similar to wet age macular degeneration. The incidence of PCV is known to be higher in the Asian population compared to Caucasi...

    Authors: Annisa C. Permadi, Ari Djatikusumo and Gitalisa Andayani Adriono
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:14
    Content type: Review Published on:

  6. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) therapy is now considered as one of standard therapies in approaching infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The purpose of this study was to assess ...

    Authors: Masoud Mirghorbani, Ali Rashidinia, Mehdi Yaseri, Mohammad Zarei, Hassan Khojasteh, Fatemeh Bazvand and Bobeck S. Modjtahedi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:13
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  7. The aim of this study was to determine whether the choice of scleral indentation technique during primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery has an influence on the risk of re-detachment.

    Authors: Philip Wakili, Karl T. Boden, Peter Szurman, Annekatrin Rickmann, Rosemarie Schlosser, Lukas Bisorca-Gassendorf and Kai Januschowski
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:12
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  8. This study explores the long term anatomic and functional results of patients who were switched to intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAI) after being initially managed with other anti-VEGF agents for neovas...

    Authors: Sean D. Adrean, Darren Knight, Siyang Chaili, Hema L. Ramkumar, Ash Pirouz and Scott Grant
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:11
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  9. In primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), the foveal attachment is an important prognostic factors for post-operative vision. When the fovea is obscured by the RRD, its attachment status is considere...

    Authors: Obaid Kousha, Sonali Tarafdar and John Ellis
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:10
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  10. We evaluated the utility and quality of surgical videos posted on the main retinal YouTube channels by surgeons at different career stages and assessed how well the steps of the vitrectomy videos conformed to ...

    Authors: Luiz Filipe Adami Lucatto, Juliana Moura Bastos Prazeres, Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra, Rafael Arantes, Gabriel Castilho Sandoval Barbosa, Emmerson Badaró, Luiz H. Lima and Eduardo Rodrigues
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:9
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  11. Intravitreal injections (IVIs), a common treatment in ophthalmology, result in acute complications and urgent follow-up visits causing significant burden to both patient and physician. We evaluated the inciden...

    Authors: Alexander Miller, Matthew A. Wilneff, Andrew Yazji, Emily Petrinec, Michael Carbone, Chase Miller, Christina McCrossin, Richard Donkor and David G. Miller
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:8
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  12. The tomographic finding, which has been called the "fingerprint sign" in en face reconstructions, seems to be the result of a variety of processes that cause distension of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the ...

    Authors: Ruy Felippe Brito Gonçalves Missaka, Mauro Goldbaum, Cleide Guimarães Machado, Emmett T. Cunningham Jr, Fernanda Maria Silveira Souto, Marcelo Mendes Lavezzo, Priscilla Figueiredo Campos da Nóbrega, Viviane Mayumi Sakata, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Carlos Eduardo Hirata and Joyce Hisae Yamamoto
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:7
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  13. The variable visual function observed in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients is not fully explained by the classic staging system. Our purpose was to evaluate choroidal changes, in standardized sectors, in DR p...

    Authors: João Heitor Marques, Ana Marta, Catarina Castro, Pedro Manuel Baptista, Diana José, Daniel Almeida, António Ribeiro and Irene Barbosa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:6
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  14. Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) is a rare and chronic bilateral uveitis mostly found in Caucasians. As few data are available about the clinical course of BRC in Hispanic patients, we aimed to report the clin...

    Authors: Maria Luisa Gois da Fonsêca, Raul N. G. Vianna, Anna C. H. Rocha, Antonio M. B. Casella, Arnaldo Cialdini, Cristina Muccioli, Daniela S. da Costa, Daniel R. Lucena, Daniel V. Vasconcelos-Santos, Eduardo Morizot, Elaine Castro, Ever E. C. Rodriguez, Felipe T. Diligenti, Fernanda B. O. Porto, Heloisa Nascimento, Joyce H. Yanamoto…
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:5
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  15. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a rare condition where a mutation in the transthyretin gene leads to systemic deposition of amyloid. The manifestations and prognosis of ATTR amyloido...

    Authors: Nikhil S. Patil, Munir M. Iqbal and Lulu L. C. D. Bursztyn
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:4
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. To describe the epidemiological traits, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions and evolution in a large series of patients with diagnosis of Eales’ disease.

    Authors: Sergio Murillo López, Silvia Medina Medina and Fernando Murillo López
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:3
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  17. The advent of Anti- VEGFs like Lucentis (Ranibizumab), Eylea (Aflibercept) and off-label Avastin (Bevacizumab) have radically improved visual outcomes in patients of neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneratio...

    Authors: Monika Kapur, Suvansh Nirula and Mayuresh P. Naik
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. Artificial intelligence and automated technology were first reported more than 70 years ago and nowadays provide unprecedented diagnostic accuracy, screening capacity, risk stratification, and workflow optimiz...

    Authors: Luis Filipe Nakayama, Lucas Zago Ribeiro, Mariana Batista Gonçalves, Daniel A. Ferraz, Helen Nazareth Veloso dos Santos, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Paulo Henrique Morales, Mauricio Maia, Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri and Rubens Belfort Mattos Jr
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2022 8:1
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  19. To quantitatively evaluate the vitreomacular interface of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to investigate its association with the 1-year treatment outcome following intravitrea...

    Authors: Manabu Miyata, Sotaro Ooto, Kenji Yamashiro, Hiroshi Tamura, Akihito Uji, Masahiro Miyake, Yuki Muraoka, Ayako Takahashi and Akitaka Tsujikawa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:77
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  20. To evaluate the effects of intravitreal silicone oil (SO) on the retinal and choroidal thickness in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

    Authors: Heshmatollah Ghanbari, Farzan Kianersi, Alireza Jamshidi Madad, Alireza Dehghani, Alireza Rahimi, Awat Feizi and Afsaneh Naderi Beni
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:76
    Content type: Review Published on:

  21. Modern surgical interventions effectively treat macular holes (MHs) more than 90%. Current surgical treatment for MHs is pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling...

    Authors: Mohd-Asyraaf Abdul-Kadir and Lik Thai Lim
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:75
    Content type: Review Published on:

  22. To assess the morphological and functional outcome of intravitreal aflibercept following the treat and extend protocol compared to the fixed protocol for treatment of eyes with neovascular age-related macular ...

    Authors: Alaa Din Abdin, Asem Mohamed, Cristian Munteanu, Isabel Weinstein, Achim Langenbucher, Berthold Seitz and Shady Suffo
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:74
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  23. To evaluate retinal thickness and capillary density in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their association with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

    Authors: Monica Oliveira da Silva, Anne Elise Cruz do Carmo Chaves, Glauber Corrêa Gobbato, Mateus Augusto dos Reis, Fabio Lavinsky, Beatriz D’Agord Schaan and Daniel Lavinsky
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:73
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  24. To describe the visual acuity and anatomic outcomes of intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).

    Authors: Casey L. Anthony, J. Clay Bavinger, Jessica G. Shantha, Ghazala D. O’Keefe, William A. Pearce, Alfredo Voloschin, Hans E. Grossniklaus and Steven Yeh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:72
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  25. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of retinal autofluorescence findings in COVID-19 patients. Observational study conducted in São Paulo in 2020. Demographic, medical history, and c...

    Authors: Paula M. Marinho, Alléxya A. A. Marcos, Ana M. C. Branco, Walid M. Mourad, Victoria Sakamoto, Andre C. Romano, Michel Farah, Richard B. Rosen, Paulo Schor, Paulo Abraao, Heloisa Nascimento and Rubens Belfort Jr
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:71
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  26. To evaluate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings as biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with or without ocular involvement.

    Authors: Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Rubbia Afridi, Nam V. Nguyen, Quan Dong Nguyen and Yasir J. Sepah
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:70
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  27. Degenerative retinoschisis is a common condition defined by the splitting of the neurosensory retina that may rarely be associated with progressive retinal detachment (RD). Here, we aim to describe the anatomi...

    Authors: Bradley Beatson, Alex Pham, Sally S. Ong, Ishrat Ahmed, J. Fernando Arevalo and James T. Handa
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:69
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  28. The current study aimed to evaluate growth and neurodevelopmental status in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).

    Authors: Majid Abrishami, Hassan Boskabadi, Mojtaba Abrishami, Farid Shekarchian, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan and Nasser Shoeibi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:68
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  29. To screen for ocular abnormalities in healthy full-term newborn infants using wide-field digital imaging and to analyze factors associated with the findings.

    Authors: Rita S. Sitorus, Indra Maharddhika Pambudy, Rinawati Rohsiswatmo, Julie Dewi Barliana, Dian Estu Yulia and Indah Suci Widyahening
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:67
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  30. Injections are widely performed in the healthcare practice. Silicone has long been thought to be an inert and harmless material. Although used for decades in medical implants, including heart valves, breast im...

    Authors: Gustavo Barreto Melo, Yehuda Shoenfeld and Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:66
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  31. To describe the outcomes of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who received the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System.

    Authors: J. Fernando Arevalo, Saba Al Rashaed, Tariq A. Alhamad, Eman Al Kahtani and Hassan A. Al-Dhibi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:65
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  32. To describe the spontaneous closure of a degenerative lamellar macular hole with epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) as documented with tracked spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

    Authors: Rony C. Preti, Leandro C. Zacharias, Leonardo P. Cunha, Mario L. R. Monteiro and David Sarraf
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:64
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. To report a clinical case of a patient affected with choroideremia (CHM) who underwent macular surgery for a macular hole (MH) with Lamellar Hole-associated Epiretinal Proliferation (LHEP).

    Authors: Vittoria Murro, Dario Pasquale Mucciolo, Dario Giorgio, Tomaso Caporossi, Ilaria Passerini, Daniele Bani, Fabrizio Giansanti, Gianni Virgili and Andrea Sodi
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:63
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Subthreshold microsecond pulsing laser is an increasingly common treatment approach for central serous chorioretinopathy. However, there is no literature available on the safety of microsecond laser using diff...

    Authors: Jay Chhablani, Gagan Kalra, Lubna Alkwatli, Bernd Fassbender, Francesca Amoroso, Khushboo Chandra, Samantha Ankireddy, Dmitrii Maltsev, Nina-Antonia Striebe and Eric Souied
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:62
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  35. To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) in relation to the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).

    Authors: Doaa Maamoun Ashour, Amany Abd El-Fattah El-Shazly, Randa Hesham Ali Abdelgawad and Mohamed Ibrahim Saleh
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:61
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  37. Intraocular osseous metaplasia is a rare histological finding associated with benign cellular transformation. Its development requires inflammatory cytokines and the process takes many years. Previous case rep...

    Authors: Yi-Ran Chiou, Lei-Chi Wang and Yu-Bai Chou
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:59
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Intraocular lymphoma accounts for fewer than 1% of intraocular tumors. When the posterior segment is involved, it can be further classified as vitreoretinal or choroidal lymphoma. Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) ...

    Authors: Aditya Rali, Lucy T. Xu, Caroline Craven, Jonathon B. Cohen, Steven Yeh, Hans E. Grossniklaus and Ghazala D. O’Keefe
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:58
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. To compare the functional and anatomic outcomes at 24 months of eyes with a primary macular hole that failed to close after a prior surgery and were treated with either an autologous transplantation of interna...

    Authors: Arturo Alezzandrini, Camila I. Dorrego, María Victoria Cibrán, Valentina Cortina-Revelli, Franco D. Rocco, Marcelo Zas and Lihteh Wu
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:57
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  41. Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Neovascular AMD comprises 10% of all cases and can lead to devastating visual loss due to choroidal neo...

    Authors: Sruthi Arepalli and Peter K. Kaiser
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:55
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. To investigate the visual and anatomical outcomes associated with treat-and-extend (TAE) regimen of intravitreal (IVT) aflibercept in eyes with treatment naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvA...

    Authors: Mohamed Kamel Soliman, Nicolas Tuli, Thomas K. Lee, William A. Britton and Raman Tuli
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:54
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  43. As intravitreal anti-VEGF injections became the mainstay of treatment for many retinal diseases, the cause of a secondary sustained elevated intraocular pressure is still unclear. The aim of our study was to s...

    Authors: Yariv Keshet, Orly Gal-Or, Michal Schaap Fogler, Karin Mimouni, Meydan Ben Ishai, Dov Weinberger and Assaf Dotan
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:53
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  45. To present a series of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) cases showing internal limiting membrane detachment (ILMD) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to describe the possible etiopathogenes...

    Authors: Ramesh Venkatesh, Chaitra Jayadev, Akhila Sridharan, Arpitha Pereira, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Jophy Philip Cherry, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Jay Chhablani
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:51
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  46. Patients with 13q-syndrome are at risk of retinoblastoma when the RB1 gene, located in the chromosomal band 13q14.2, is deleted. This syndrome is frequently associated with congenital malformations and developmen...

    Authors: Pablo Gargallo, Silvestre Oltra, Julia Balaguer, Honorio Barranco, Yania Yáñez, Vanessa Segura, Antonio Juan-Ribelles, Inés Calabria, Margarita Llavador, Victoria Castel and Adela Cañete
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:50
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. The challenge of COVID-19 has rapidly changed medical management worldwide. The relatively small time from pandemic to vaccines regulatory approval triggered a race toward vaccines development. However, import...

    Authors: Janaína Jamile Ferreira Saraceno, Guilherme Macedo Souza, Luciana Peixoto dos Santos Finamor, Heloisa Moraes Nascimento and Rubens Belfort Jr
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:49
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  48. To determine the application of fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings and Behcet’s disease ocular attack score 24 (BOS24) scoring system in predicting poor visual outcome in patients with ocular Behcet’s dise...

    Authors: Narumon Keorochana, Nathamon Homchampa, Sritatath Vongkulsiri and Raveewan Choontanom
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:48
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  49. Our study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy of 8 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas (Barrett Universal II, EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Kane and PEARL-DGS) in patients submitted...

    Authors: Diogo Hipólito-Fernandes, Maria Elisa Luís, Diogo Maleita, Pedro Gil, Vitor Maduro, Lívio Costa, Nuno Marques, João Branco and Nuno Alves
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:47
    Content type: Original article Published on:

  50. The aim of this article is to report the presence of choroidal loculation of fluid and choroidal cavern in a case of choroidal osteoma, previously undescribed in this disease.

    Authors: Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra, Rafael Cicconi Arantes, Eduardo Ferrari Marback and Carol L Shields
    Citation: International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2021 7:46
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:


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