Articles

Comparison of montage with conventional stereoscopic seven-field photographs for assessment of ETDRS diabetic retinopathy severity

The ETDRS stereoscopic seven-field (7F) has been a standard imaging and grading protocol for assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity score in many clinical trials. To the best of our knowledge, the co...

Authors: Nam V. Nguyen, Erin M. Vigil, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad S. Halim, Sean C. Baluyot, Hugo A. Guzman, Rubbia Afridi, Diana V. Do and Yasir J. Sepah

Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence report of outliers based on international screening guidelines

The objective of this study is to report the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) outliers that fall outside the screening guidelines of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in our country.

Authors: Juan Carlos Romo-Aguas, Ana González-H.León, Miroslava Paolah Meraz-Gutiérrez and María A. Martínez-Castellanos

Antibiotics and antifungals in silicone oil

Antimicrobials may be injected into silicone oil-filled eyes with endophthalmitis, but the interaction with oil is unclear. The purpose of the experiment is to determine whether vancomycin, amikacin, and ampho...

Authors: Ella H. Leung and J. Timothy Stout

Widefield imaging of retinal and choroidal tumors

Wide-field imaging plays an increasingly important role in ocular oncology clinics. The purpose of this review is to describe the commonly used wide-field imaging devices and review conditions seen in ocular o...

Authors: Natalia F. Callaway and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya

Application of wide-field infrared reflectance imaging in retinoschisis, retinal detachments, and schisis detachments

Retinoschisis and retinal detachment are distinguished based on features in clinical examination. Even to skilled examiners, some cases may be diagnostic challenges. Infrared and wide-angle infrared reflectanc...

Authors: Himanshu K. Banda, Anjali Shah and Gaurav K. Shah

Wide-field imaging of sickle retinopathy

Wide-field imaging is a newer retinal imaging technology, capturing up to 200 degrees of the retina in a single photograph. Individuals with sickle cell retinopathy commonly exhibit peripheral retinal ischemia...

Authors: Marguerite O. Linz and Adrienne W. Scott

Wide field retinal imaging and the detection of drug associated retinal toxicity

To describe the peripheral retinal findings associated with systemic medication toxicity and to outline the importance of ultra-widefield imaging in the detection, analysis and monitoring of these abnormalities.

Authors: Giulia Corradetti, Sara Violanti, Adrian Au and David Sarraf

Wide-field fundus autofluorescence imaging in patients with hereditary retinal degeneration: a literature review

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) refers to a heterogenous group of progressive diseases that cause death of photoreceptor cells and subsequent vision loss. These diseases often affect the peripheral retina...

Authors: Akio Oishi, Manabu Miyata, Shogo Numa, Yuki Otsuka, Maho Oishi and Akitaka Tsujikawa

Clinic-based ultra-wide field retinal imaging in a pediatric population

Pediatric retinal disorders, although uncommon, can be challenging to assess in the clinic setting and often requires an exam under anesthesia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of ultra-wide fi...

Authors: Nikisha Kothari, Stacy Pineles, David Sarraf, Federico Velez, Gad Heilweil, Gary Holland, Colin A. McCannel, Tania Onclinx, Tara A. McCannel, SriniVas R. Sadda, Steven D. Schwartz and Irena Tsui

Wide-field imaging in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. For decades, 7-field 30-degree fundus imaging has been the gold standard for DR classification. The aim of this review article i...

Authors: T. Y. Alvin Liu and J. Fernando Arevalo

Wide-field angiography in retinal vein occlusions

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. It can result in significant visual loss from complications like macula edema, retinal and iris neova...

Authors: Colin S. Tan, Kelvin Z. Li and SriniVas R. Sadda

Traumatic submacular hemorrhage: available treatment options and synthesis of the literature

Sub-macular hemorrhage (SMH) is a hematic collection between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium; one of its causes is ocular blunt trauma, that usually affects young patients. Persistin...

Authors: Giamberto Casini, Pasquale Loiudice, Martina Menchini, Francesco Sartini, Stefano De Cillà, Michele Figus and Marco Nardi

Changes in retinal and choriocapillaris density in diabetic patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment using optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables detailed, non-invasive assessment of ocular vasculature. This study uses OCTA imaging to evaluate choriocapillaris and retinal capillary perfusion densit...

Authors: Felipe F. Conti, Weilin Song, Eduardo B. Rodrigues and Rishi P. Singh

Anterior hyaloid membrane dissection using the conventional surgical microscope: a novel surgical approach in 2 patients

To describe the dissection and removal of the anterior hyaloid membrane using the conventional surgical microscope.

Authors: Radwan S. Ajlan and Joey Luvisi

Six-year epidemiological analysis of post traumatic endophthalmitis in a Brazilian hospital

To evaluate the epidemiology of endophthalmitis cases related to ocular trauma, including visual acuity during and 1 year after trauma, source of trauma and method of treatment.

Authors: Luis Filipe Nakayama, Vinicius Campos Bergamo and Nilva Simeren Bueno de Moraes

Relationship between retinal vessel tortuosity and oxygenation in sickle cell retinopathy

Reduced retinal vascular oxygen (O₂) content causes tissue hypoxia and may lead to development of vision-threatening pathologies. Since increased vessel tortuosity is an early sign for some hypoxia-implicated ret...

Authors: Maziyar M. Khansari, Sarah L. Garvey, Shayan Farzad, Yonggang Shi and Mahnaz Shahidi

Resistive index of central retinal artery is a bioimaging biomarker for severity of diabetic retinopathy

The present study was undertaken to assess the resistive index (RI) of central retinal artery (CRA) as a bioimaging biomarker for the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), for the first time.

Authors: Manila Khatri, Sandeep Saxena, Manoj Kumar, Apjit Kaur Chabbra, Shashi K. Bhasker, Ece Isin Akduman, Hang Pham and Levent Akduman

Serum vitamin D is a biomolecular biomarker for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Vitamin D is a multi-functional fat-soluble metabolite essential for a vast number of physiological processes. Non-classical functions are gaining attention because of the close association of vitamin D defici...

Authors: Gauhar Nadri, Sandeep Saxena, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Apjit Kaur, Md. Kaleem Ahmad, Pragati Garg and Carsten H. Meyer

The effect of image quality on the reliability of OCT angiography measurements in patients with diabetes

This study aimed to determine the relationship between image quality and measurement repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with non-proliferative diabetic reti...

Authors: Cecília Czakó, Lilla István, Mónika Ecsedy, Zsuzsa Récsán, Gábor Sándor, Fruzsina Benyó, Hajnalka Horváth, András Papp, Miklós Resch, Ágnes Borbándy, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy and Illés Kovács

In vitro differentiation of cGMP-grade retinal pigmented epithelium from human embryonic stem cells

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of individuals who lose their vision due to retinal degeneration is expected to reach 6 million annually in 2020. The retinal degenerative diseases...

Authors: Fernando H. Lojudice, Rodrigo A. Brant Fernandes, Francesco Innocenti, Carlos E. Franciozi, Priscila Cristovam, Maurício Maia, Mari C. Sogayar and Rubens Belfort Jr

Inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique for large macular hole: a microperimetric study

Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM)-flap technique would seem to lead to higher closure rate and better visual acuity than traditional procedure with ILM peeling for the treatment of large macular hole (...

Authors: Giancarlo Sborgia, Alfredo Niro, Alessandra Sborgia, Valeria Albano, Tiziana Tritto, Luigi Sborgia, Valentina Pastore, Rossella Donghia, Ermete Giancipoli, Nicola Recchimurzo, Francesco Boscia and Giovanni Alessio

Choroidal granuloma caused by Mycobacterium Fortuitum

To report a case of a chronic steroid user male patient who developed local abscesses caused by M. fortuitum and concomitant asymptomatic choroidal granuloma.

Authors: João Pinto da Silva Neto, Kyra Nhayanna Coutinho Machado and Luiz Roisman

Diffuse uveitis and chorioretinal changes after yellow fever vaccination: a re-emerging epidemic

With increasing incidence of yellow fever, mass campaign vaccinations are underway and little ophthalmological alterations have been reported in literature, specially regarding non-combined vaccines.

Authors: Paula M. Marinho, Heloisa Nascimento, Andre Romano, Cristina Muccioli and Rubens Belfort Jr.

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor is a biomolecular biomarker of severity of diabetic retinopathy

Elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Serum VEGF levels correlate with vitreous levels. Neuroretinal changes occur even before the appea...

Authors: Sukriti Ahuja, Sandeep Saxena, Levent Akduman, Carsten H. Meyer, Peter Kruzliak and Vinay K. Khanna

In vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus

To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of a new formulation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus (LES).

Authors: Murilo Batista Abud, Ricardo Noguera Louzada, David Leonardo Cruvinel Isaac, Leonardo Gomes Souza, Ricardo Gomes dos Reis, Eliana Martins Lima and Marcos Pereira de Ávila

Prevalence of silicone oil droplets in eyes treated with intravitreal injection

To assess the number of eyes with silicone oil in the vitreous after intravitreal injection.

Authors: Gustavo Barreto Melo, Celso de Souza Dias Junior, Fábio Barreto Morais, Alexandre Lima Cardoso, Ana Galrão Almeida Figueiredo, Acácio Alves Souza Lima Filho, Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues, Geoffrey Guy Emerson and Maurício Maia

Neovessel as first manifestation of relapse of associated multifocal choroiditis and MEWDS

To report a case of multifocal choroiditis (MC) that has relapsed as choroidal neovascularization in the contralateral eye followed by a mixed aspect of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) and MC.

Authors: Eduardo Morizot and Camila Schiavo Froner

Short-term eplerenone for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy; a prospective study

Increased mineralocorticoid activity is one of the plausible causes of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and mineralocorticoid inhibitors such as eplerenone have been investigated as its potentia...

Authors: Hamid-Reza Moein, Lauren W. Bierman, Eduardo A. Novais, Carlos Moreira-Neto, Caroline R. Baumal, Adam Rogers, Jay S. Duker and André J. Witkin

Microperimetry and OCT angiography evaluation of patients with ischemic diabetic macular edema treated with monthly intravitreal bevacizumab: a pilot study

Functional and anatomical evaluation of patients with ischemic diabetic macular edema after monthly injections of Bevacizumab.

Authors: Felipe Pereira, Bruno Rebello Godoy, Mauricio Maia and Caio Vinicius Regatieri

Vascularized drusen: a cross-sectional study

To investigate whether neovascularization may arise and be detectable in drusen, as reported in histopathologic studies, by OCTA prior to developing exudation and to assess its prevalence in a cohort of patien...

Authors: Chris Or, Jeffrey S. Heier, David Boyer, David Brown, Sumit Shah, Agha Yasin Alibhai, James G. Fujimoto and Nadia Waheed

The use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) in demonstrating recurrence of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) in the anterior vitreous

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a rare disease with 30–380 new cases in the United States per year. Its insidious process and spread to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to a mean 5-year survival ...

Authors: Vlad Diaconita, Heba Rihani, Virginia Mares, Marcio B. Nehemy, Sophie J. Bakri and Jose S. Pulido

The retinal foveal avascular zone as a systemic biomarker to evaluate inflammatory bowel disease control

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic inflammatory disease and is classified as Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) depending on the extent of gastrointestinal tract involvement. IBD can b...

Authors: Luis Filpe Nakayama, Vinicius Campos Bergamo, Marina Lourenco Conti, Nikoly Tigani Fares, Livia Almeida Costa, Orlando Ambrogini Jr. and Nilva Simeren Bueno de Moraes

Primary outcomes of the VIDI study: phase 2, double-masked, randomized, active-controlled study of ASP8232 for diabetic macular edema

ASP8232 is a potent and specific small molecule vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) inhibitor. This study evaluated the effect of ASP8232 on excess retinal thickness when given alone or in combination with ran...

Authors: Quan Dong Nguyen, Yasir J. Sepah, Brian Berger, David Brown, Diana V. Do, Alberto Garcia-Hernandez, Sunil Patel, Firas M. Rahhal, Yevgeniy Shildkrot and Ronny W. Renfurm

Observational study of intraocular lens tilt in sutureless intrascleral fixation versus standard transscleral suture fixation determined by ultrasound biomicroscopy

The position of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a major factor that affects the final visual acuity after cataract surgery. However, no prospective study has compared the IOL positions associated with the suture...

Authors: Bruna Ferraço Marianelli, Thaís Sousa Mendes, Roberta Pereira de Almeida Manzano, Patrícia Novita Garcia and Ivan Corso Teixeira

Prospective evaluation of intravitreal bevacizumab for ischemic central retinal vein occlusion

Although previous studies have evaluated the effect of anti-VEGF therapies for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) patients, the majority of previous studies have excluded or included a very small number of ...

Authors: Leangelo Hall, Luma Paiva Frizzera, Laura Fernandes Coelho, Pedro Carlos Carricondo, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Sergio Luis Gianotti Pimentel and Maria Fernanda Abalem

Diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreal aflibercept injection after treatment with other anti-VEGF agents (SWAP-TWO study): 6-month interim analysis

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an important cause of vision loss and despite the anatomical and functional improvement achieved with treatment, there are reports of persistent DME regardless of continuous ant...

Authors: Amy S. Babiuch, Thais F. Conti, Felipe F. Conti, Fabiana Q. Silva, Aleksandra Rachitskaya, Alex Yuan and Rishi P. Singh

Choroidal thickness measured with swept source optical coherence tomography in posterior staphyloma strongly correlates with axial length and visual acuity

To measure the choroidal thickness in patients with high myopia from staphyloma using swept source OCT (SS-OCT) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) fields and compare to normal cohort. The st...

Authors: K. V. Chalam and Kumar Sambhav

Endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery: principles, applications and new directions

To analyze endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery principles, applications, challenges and potential technological advances.

Authors: Radwan S. Ajlan, Aarsh A. Desai and Martin A. Mainster

One-year outcomes of 27-gauge versus 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

27-gauge (27G) and 25-gauge (25G) transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) were considered equal about safety, effectiveness and vitrectomy time for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD...

Authors: Giancarlo Sborgia, Alfredo Niro, Luigi Sborgia, Maria Oliva Grassi, Samuele Gigliola, Mario R. Romano, Francesco Boscia, Alessandra Sborgia and Giovanni Alessio

Looking ahead in retinal disease management: highlights of the 2019 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium

Authors: Carmen A. Puliafito and Charles C. Wykoff

Mapping diurnal variations in choroidal sublayer perfusion in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive tool for imaging and quantifying the choroidal vasculature and perfusion state. In this index study, OCTA was used to investigate diurnal chang...

Authors: Felix Rommel, Fynn Siegfried, Jan A. M. Sochurek, Matthias Rothe, Max P. Brinkmann, Maximilian Kurz, Michelle Prasuhn, Salvatore Grisanti and Mahdy Ranjbar

Experimental model to evaluate the benefits of lutein to prevent retinal phototoxicity during pars plana vitrectomy surgery using xenon source light illumination in rabbits

To evaluate the benefits of lutein in preventing retinal phototoxicity generated by xenon light sources during vitreoretinal surgery.

Authors: Anderson Teixeira, Eduardo A. Novais, Emmerson Badaró, Acácio Lima, Michel Eid Farah and Rubens Belfort Jr.

Treat and extend regimen with aflibercept for chronic central retinal vein occlusions: 2 year results of the NEWTON study

To determine whether aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY) could continue to extend the macular edema free interval in patients on a treat and extend (TAE) with non-ischemic centr...

Authors: Rahul N. Khurana, Louis K. Chang, Alok S. Bansal, James D. Palmer, Chengqing Wu and Mark R. Wieland

Macular hyperpigmentary changes in ABCA4-Stargardt disease

Stargardt disease (STGD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) share clinical and pathophysiological features. In AMD, macular hyperpigmentary changes are associated to a worse prognosis. The purpose of t...

Authors: Maria Fernanda Abalem, Amro A. Omari, Dana Schlegel, Naheed W. Khan and Thiran Jayasundera

Anterior chamber paracentesis during intravitreal injections in observational trials: effectiveness and safety and effects

A paracentesis prior to an intravitreal injection is a very safe procedure and can prevent IOP-spikes after injections. As these spikes pose the risk of inducing glaucomatous changes particularly in patients ...

Authors: Sandeep Saxena, Timothy Y. Lai, Hideki Koizumi, Michel E. Farah, Daniela Ferrara, David Pelayes, Tomohito Sato, Carsten H. Meyer and Timothy Murray

Novel stem cell and gene therapy in diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa

Degenerative retinal disease leads to significant visual morbidity worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration are leading causes of blindness in the developed world. While current therapies for t...

Authors: Parker E. Ludwig, S. Caleb Freeman and Adam C. Janot

Best vitelliform macular dystrophy in a large Brazilian family

To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging findings of a Brazilian family with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy.

Authors: Carolina Pádua Rocha de Souza, Luiz Guilherme Marchesi Mello, Fernando Gomez and Eduardo Morizot

Spontaneous retinal pigment epithelial tear in type 2 choroidal neovascularization: repair mechanisms following anti-VEGF therapy

To report the clinical course and the multimodal retinal imaging of a spontaneous retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear in a type 2 choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degenerat...

Authors: Giuseppe Casalino, Vasuki Sivagnanavel, Samir Dowlut, Pearse A. Keane and Usha Chakravarthy

Retinal sensitivity and photoreceptor arrangement changes secondary to congenital simple hamartoma of retinal pigment epithelium

The congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium is a benign lesion and previous observations with noninvasive imaging have detected potential photoreceptor abnormalities and retinal function ...

Authors: M. W. Rodrigues, D. B. Cavallini, C. Dalloul, C. L. Shields and R. Jorge

Computing uveal melanoma basal diameters: a comparative analysis of several novel techniques with improved accuracy

We sought to compare the accuracy of standard and novel echographic methods for computing intraocular tumor largest basal diameter (LBD).

Authors: Anthony B. Daniels, Kevin K. Veverka, Shriji N. Patel, LuAnne Sculley, Garvin Munn and Jose S. Pulido