Articles

The Tie2 signaling pathway in retinal vascular diseases: a novel therapeutic target in the eye

Retinal vascular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and/or diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion with macular edema—share several key pathophysiolo...

Authors: Quan Dong Nguyen, Jeffrey S. Heier, Diana V. Do, Adam C. Mirando, Niranjan B. Pandey, Huan Sheng and Theresa Heah

Posterior segment inflammatory outcomes assessed using fluorescein angiography in the STOP-UVEITIS study

Although fluorescein angiography (FA) is a frequently used imaging modality in patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), it has not been reliably used for objective assessment of posterior segment inflammato...

Authors: Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Muhammad Hassan, Rubbia Afridi, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Diana V. Do, Yasir J. Sepah and Quan Dong Nguyen

Concept and application of relaxing radial retinectomy for retinal detachment with advanced proliferative vitreo-retinopathy

To revisit the concept of retinectomy and the theory of mechanical forces on the retina occurring in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to describe the potential application of radial retinectomy in R...

Authors: Waldensius Girsang, Dwi C. R. Sari, Wahyu Srigutomo, Tjahjono D. Gondhowiardjo and Muhammad B. Sasongko

Lamellar macular holes: evolving concepts and propensity for progression to full thickness macular hole

Currently the term lamellar macular hole (LMH) alludes to a wide spectrum of macular conditions including distinct clinical entities with different pathomorphologies. Classifications into subtypes, tractional ...

Authors: Salim Zafar Asaad

A perspective on retina education through social media

Since the beginning of the Internet, new ways of providing medical education have emerged. Social media networks are one of the most influential communication tools and allow content sharing, collaborative mod...

Authors: Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra

Pedicle internal limiting membrane flap technique for very large macular holes: a preliminary report

Conventional vitrectomy technique for macular hole surgery has a good outcome in small and medium macular holes, but for very large macular holes (minimum linear diameter higher than 700 μm) other techniques w...

Authors: José Edísio da Silva Tavares Neto, Igor Neves Coelho, Rodrigo Jorge, David Leonardo Cruvinel Isaac and Marcos Pereira de Ávila

A guarded light pipe for direct visualization during primary scleral buckling on the Ngenuity platform

Visualization during scleral buckling is traditionally achieved via indirect ophthalmoscopy. Recent advances have utilized the surgical microscope and a 25 gauge cannula-based endoillumination system, also kno...

Authors: Joshua S. Agranat, Vivian P. Douglas, Konstantinos A. A. Douglas and John B. Miller

Supine positioning after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with inferior retinal breaks

To evaluate the effectiveness of face up position (FUP) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil injection in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with multiple peripheral and inferio...

Authors: Amr Mohammed Elsayed Abdelkader and Hossam Youssef Abouelkheir

Preclinical assessment of intravitreal ramucirumab: in vitro and in vivo safety profile

Anti-angiogenic drugs remain the mainstay therapy for several vascular retinal pathologies. The repurposing of approved anti-angiogenic drugs for use in ophthalmology can increase therapeutic options and reduc...

Authors: Jarbas Emílio de Moraes Neto, Felipe Pereira, Raquel Leão Neves, Nilana Meza Tenório de Barros, Cristiane Damas Gil, Arthur Gustavo Fernandes, Sung Eun Song Watanabe, Carsten Helmut Meyer, Michel Eid Farah and Eduardo Buchele Rodrigues

The long-term effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on the optical coherence tomography angiographic appearance of neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration

The short-term effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment on macular neovascularization (MNV) morphology is well described, but long-term studies on morphologic changes and correl...

Authors: Emily S. Levine, Eugenia Custo Greig, Luísa S. M. Mendonça, Shilpa Gulati, Ivana N. Despotovic, A. Yasin Alibhai, Eric Moult, Nora Muakkassa, Maddalena Quaranta-El Maftouhi, Adil El Maftouhi, Usha Chakravarthy, James G. Fujimoto, Caroline R. Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker, M. Elizabeth Hartnett…

Effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on choroid and ocular vasculature: a literature review

To provide information on the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors on choroidal vessels and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and possible implications for development of exudative age-re...

Authors: Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz, Murilo Ubukata Polizelli, Laís Maia Cezar, Emmerson B. Cardoso, Fernando Penha, Michel Eid Farah, Eduardo B. Rodrigues and Eduardo A. Novais

OCT changes of idiopathic epiretinal membrane after cataract surgery

We reviewed our experience in the management of cataract and idiopatic epiretinal membrane surgeries at the Humanitas Research Institute–Milan, Italy- over the past 3 years.

Authors: Jose Luis Vallejo-Garcia, Mary Romano, Luca Pagano, Alessio Montericcio, Alfredo Borgia, Emanuela Morenghi and Paolo Vinciguerra

Reliability of foveal avascular zone measurements in eyes with retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography angiography

To evaluate the reliability of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Authors: Bruno Mauricio Rodrigues de Oliveira, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Bruno Rebello de Godoy, Alexandre Gomes Bortoloti de Azevedo, Flavio Eduardo Hirai and Somaia Mitne

Unilateral morning glory disc anomaly in a patient with prenatal Zika virus exposure

To report a case of morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) in a pediatric patient with prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure.

Authors: Sofía M. Muns, Mónica P. González, Victor M. Villegas, Gabriela de la Vega, Camila V. Ventura and Audina M. Berrocal

Endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy vs. vitrectomy alone: comparative study in complex retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Recurrent retinal detachment (RD) is still a widespread event despite the therapeutic options available. Proliferative vitreoretinopoathy (PVR) is one of the main causes of redetachment. Little is known about ...

Authors: Flavio A. Rezende, Natalia Vila and Emmanouil Rampakakis

Successful growth of fresh retinoblastoma cells in chorioallantoic membrane

The authors developed a retinoblastoma model using fresh harvested cells from an enucleated eye that were transplanted in chick embryos (chorioallantoic membrane model). The transplanted embryos were treated w...

Authors: Silvia L. Fialho, Bárbara R. Silvestrini, Juliana Vieira, Mayara R. B. Paiva, Luciana M. Silva, Fernando Chahud, Armando Silva-Cunha, Zelia M. Correa and Rodrigo Jorge

Safety and tolerability evaluation after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white rabbits

To evaluate the retinal toxicity after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit eyes.

Authors: Leopoldo Baiza-Durán, Alejandra Sánchez-Ríos, Joel González-Barón, Oscar Olvera-Montaño, Elba Correa-Gallegos, Andrea Navarro-Sánchez and Patricia Muñoz-Villegas

Identification of epiretinal proliferation in various retinal diseases and vitreoretinal interface disorders

To describe the presence of epiretinal proliferation in eyes with various retinal and vitreoretinal interface conditions.

Authors: Ismael Chehaibou, Moritz Pettenkofer, Andrea Govetto, Gilad Rabina, SriniVas R. Sadda and Jean-Pierre Hubschman

New findings useful for clinical practice using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in the follow-up of active ocular toxoplasmosis

Ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of intraocular inflammation and posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. This paper aims to investigate swept-source optical coherence tomography ang...

Authors: João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Camila Campelo, Eduardo Amorim Novais, Gabriel Costa de Andrade, Paula Marinho, Yusláy Fernández Zamora, Luciana Finamor Peixoto, Maurício Maia, Heloísa Nascimento and Rubens Belfort Jr.

Pharmacological agents in development for diabetic macular edema

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy. There has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of DME since the advent of anti-vascular endothelial gro...

Authors: Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Muhammad Sohail Halim, Muhammad Hassan, Neil Onghanseng, Irmak Karaca, Aniruddha Agarwal, Rubbia Afridi, Yasir J. Sepah, Diana V. Do and Quan Dong Nguyen

Morphology of partial-thickness macular defects: presumed roles of Müller cells and tissue layer interfaces of low mechanical stability

The pathogenesis of partial-thickness macular defects and the role of Müller glial cells in the development of such defects are not well understood. We document the morphological characteristics of various typ...

Authors: Andreas Bringmann, Jan Darius Unterlauft, Renate Wiedemann, Matus Rehak and Peter Wiedemann

Surgical management of submacular hemorrhage due to n-AMD: a comparison of three surgical methods

To compare and assess the efficacy of three surgical methods for the treatment of acute submacular hemorrhage (ASH): pneumatic displacement with C2F6, in combination with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab ...

Authors: Carsten Grohmann, Spyridon Dimopoulos, Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Philipp Schindler, Toam Katz, Martin S. Spitzer and Christos Skevas

Optical coherence tomography angiography using the black-and-white pixel binarization histogram software: a new technique for evaluating healing of macular holes in two surgical techniques

Many factors can influence the functional outcomes of macular hole surgery and some studies have tried to describe anatomical features that could predict successful treatment. The purpose of this study is to d...

Authors: Oswaldo Ferreira Moura Brasil, Mariana Kawamuro, Denise Pardini Marinho, Bruna Trench Maia, Murilo Ubukata Polizelli, Gabriel Pipolo, Natalia Trench Maia, Rodrigo Dompieri, Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz and Mauricio Maia

Optical coherence tomography features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness due to diabetic macular edema (DME) or complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive i...

Authors: Sara Vaz-Pereira, Tiago Morais-Sarmento and Raquel Esteves Marques

Reducing instruments in a vitrectomy surgical tray: cost savings and results from a major academic hospital

Unused or rarely used instruments in standard surgical trays can unnecessarily increase costs. Prior studies have demonstrated the practicality and cost savings of reduced instrument tray sizes in various subs...

Authors: Jacob D. Grodsky, Christos N. Theophanous, Sidney A. Schechet, Peter B. Veldman and Seenu M. Hariprasad

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy without preoperative pan-retinal photocoagulation is associated with higher levels of intravitreal IL-6 and postoperative inflammation

Intravitreal cytokine levels and differences in the severity of postoperative inflammation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were compared between subjects treated with pan-retinal phot...

Authors: Yukihiko Suzuki, Kobu Adachi, Natsuki Maeda, Reiko Tanabu, Takashi Kudo and Mitsuru Nakazawa

Visual and anatomic outcomes of sustained single agent anti-VEGF treatment versus double anti-VEGF switching in the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema

To compare the anatomical and visual outcomes in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after initial anti-VEGF therapy that were retreated continuously with the same anti-VEGF drug versus those tha...

Authors: Osama A. Sorour, Keke Liu, Nihaal Mehta, Phillip Braun, Isaac Gendelman, Elsayed Nassar, Caroline R. Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Outer retina changes on optical coherence tomography in vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States and can be missed in patients with malabsorption syndromes without a high dose of suspicion. Ocular complications of hypovitaminosis A include xerosis and nyct...

Authors: Meghan K. Berkenstock, Charles J. Castoro and Andrew R. Carey

Efficacy of nanosecond laser treatment in central serous chorioretinopathy with and without atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium

To evaluate the outcomes of subthreshold nanosecond laser treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) as a function of the severity of concomitant of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects.

Authors: Hakan Kaymak, Saskia Funk, Andreas Fricke, Roxana Fulga, Karsten Klabe, Berthold Seitz, Achim Langenbucher and Hartmut Schwahn

Evaluating diurnal variations in retinal perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive tool for imaging and quantifying the retinal and choroidal vasculature as well as perfusion state in healthy eyes. Choroidal perfusion is subje...

Authors: Felix Rommel, Matthias Rothe, Maximilian Kurz, Michelle Prasuhn, Salvatore Grisanti and Mahdy Ranjbar

Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis mimicking acute retinal necrosis associated with local corticosteroid

The cases discussed highlight the atypical presentation and diagnostic dilemmas of toxoplasmosis with fulminant retinal necrosis and the potentially devastating visual outcomes of toxoplasma chorioretinitis fo...

Authors: Jason N. Crosson, Sanjana Kuthyar, Jessica G. Shantha, Matthew R. Debiec, Philip W. Laird, Cindy S. Hwang, Hans E. Grossniklaus and Steven Yeh

Proposed algorithm during COVID-19 pandemic for patient management in medical retina clinic

Authors: Paolo Corazza, Francesco Maria D’Alterio and Saad Younis

Choroidal nevus and polypoidal vasculopathy: case series

To report an association between choroidal nevus and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in three patients.

Authors: Karlos Ítalo S. Viana, Pedro F. Dalgalarrondo, Zelia Correa and Rodrigo Jorge

New Frontiers in Retina: highlights of the 2020 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium

We summarize the most important findings presented at the 2020 angiogenesis, exudation and degeneration symposium in five topic areas: (1) epidemiology of retinal vascular disease and macular degeneration; (2)...

Authors: Carmen A. Puliafito and Charles C. Wykoff

Short-term results of early switch from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept in poor or non responder age related macular degeneration in clinical practice

To evaluate the change in best corrected visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) following treatment with intravitreal aflibercept (AFL) in patients poorly responders or non responders to ranibi...

Authors: Luciana de Sá Quirino-Makarczyk, Maria de Fátima Sainz Ugarte, Bruna Viana Vieira, Sérgio Kniggendorf and Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri

Evaluation of primary internal limiting membrane peeling in cases with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) have been reported after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) can prevent post-PPV ERM formation ...

Authors: Mohamed Esmail Abdullah, Hossam Eldeen Mohammad Moharram, Ahmed Shawkat Abdelhalim, Khaled Mohamed Mourad and Mohamed Farouk Abdelkader

Intraoperative optical coherence tomographic findings in patients undergoing subretinal gene therapy surgery

To analyze intraoperative OCT (iOCT) findings during subretinal gene therapy.

Authors: Huber M. Vasconcelos Jr., Brandon J. Lujan, Mark E. Pennesi, Paul Yang and Andreas K. Lauer

Test–retest variability of microperimetry in geographic atrophy

Microperimetry (MP) allows for measurement of retinal sensitivity at precise locations and is now commonly employed as a clinical trial endpoint. Test–retest reliability is important when evaluating treatment ...

Authors: A. Yasin Alibhai, Nihaal Mehta, Sheila Hickson-Curran, Carlos Moreira-Neto, Emily S. Levine, Elias Reichel, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Neurodegeneration in systemic lupus erythematosus: layer by layer retinal study using optical coherence tomography

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune and multisystemic disease. Recent studies with functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive tests report an unexpectedly high f...

Authors: Arnaldo Dias-Santos, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Sofia Pinheiro, João Paulo Cunha, Marta Alves, Ana L. Papoila, Maria Francisca Moraes-Fontes and Rui Proença

The effect of scleral buckling on accommodative amplitude

To evaluate the effect of scleral buckling on accommodative amplitude.

Authors: Nazanin Ebrahimiadib, Narges Hassanpoor, Mohammadreza Niyousha and Bobeck Seyed Modjtahedi

Hemorrhagic complications associated with suprachoroidal buckling

Multiple surgical techniques exist for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD). Suprachoroidal buckling (SCB), consisting of injecting viscoelastic material in the suprachoroidal space to allow ...

Authors: Fares Antaki, Ali Dirani, Marina Ravagnani Ciongoli, David H. W. Steel and Flavio Rezende

Intrusion of episcleral buckles: report of two cases and brief review

The authors report two cases of the scleral buckles intrusion and erosion that presented many years after primary surgery with vitreous haemorrhage in one of them. Although the erosion/intrusion of a silicone ...

Authors: Mohammad Zarei, Alireza Mahmoudi, Abdollah Hadi and Hamid Riazi-Esfahani

Topographic analysis of macular choriocapillaris flow deficits in diabetic retinopathy using swept–source optical coherence tomography angiography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and macular choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit percentage (FD %) in different macular regions using swept...

Authors: Isaac Gendelman, A. Yasin Alibhai, Eric M. Moult, Emily S. Levine, Phillip X. Braun, Nihaal Mehta, Yi Zhao, Akihiro Ishibazawa, Osama A. Sorour, Caroline R. Baumal, Andre J. Witkin, Elias Reichel, James G. Fujimoto, Jay S. Duker and Nadia K. Waheed

Treatment of large, chronic and persistent macular hole with internal limiting membrane transposition and tuck technique

Large, chronic full thickness macular holes which failed previous treatments are difficult to manage and even left untreated due to poor prognosis. A retrospective review of consecutive cases with chronic (at ...

Authors: Nicholas S. K. Fung, Anthony K. H. Mak, Rachel Yiu, Ian Y. H. Wong and Wai Ching Lam

Diversity in optical coherence tomography normative databases: moving beyond race

Normative databases of optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics, such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness, are critical to clinical use of OCT imaging. In order to accurately represent ...

Authors: Nihaal Mehta and Nadia K. Waheed

Impact of manual correction over automated segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography

To study the automated segmentation of retinal layers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the impact of manual correction over segmentation mistakes.

Authors: Alexandre Gomes Bortoloti de Azevedo, Guilherme Eiichi da Silva Takitani, Bruno Rebello Godoy, Bruna Ferraço Marianelli, Vinicius Saraiva, Ivan Maynart Tavares and Luiz Roisman

Objective assessment of YAG laser vitreolysis in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters

To objectively evaluate YAG laser vitreolysis for symptomatic vitreous floaters using color photo imaging.

Authors: Carlos E. Souza, Luiz H. Lima, Heloísa Nascimento, Claudio Zett and Rubens Belfort Jr

Intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in diabetic vitreous hemorrhage

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) in the management of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in eyes with previously lasered proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Authors: Ahmad M. Mansour, Mohammed Ashraf, Khalil M. El Jawhari, Michel Farah, Ahmed Souka, Chintan Sarvaiya, Sumit Randhir Singh, Alay Banker and Jay Chhablani

Artificial intelligence, robotics and eye surgery: are we overfitted?

Eye surgery, specifically retinal micro-surgery involves sensory and motor skill that approaches human boundaries and physiological limits for steadiness, accuracy, and the ability to detect the small forces i...

Authors: Müller G. Urias, Niravkumar Patel, Changyan He, Ali Ebrahimi, Ji Woong Kim, Iulian Iordachita and Peter L. Gehlbach

Comparison of montage with conventional stereoscopic seven-field photographs for assessment of ETDRS diabetic retinopathy severity

The ETDRS stereoscopic seven-field (7F) has been a standard imaging and grading protocol for assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity score in many clinical trials. To the best of our knowledge, the co...

Authors: Nam V. Nguyen, Erin M. Vigil, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad S. Halim, Sean C. Baluyot, Hugo A. Guzman, Rubbia Afridi, Diana V. Do and Yasir J. Sepah